PA APPRAISERS EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ sag frame damage. Answer: damage to front or rear rails has caused a
height difference in the rail - either higher or lower than factory
specifications
▶ sway frame damage. Answer: the front or rear of the frame has moved
laterally, creating uneven width measurements from the centerline of the
vehicle
▶ Twist frame damage. Answer: heights of opposite corners are uneven,
often repairable in full-frame vehicles
▶ three dimensions of frame damage. Answer: length, width, and height
▶ Rough pulls. Answer: - careful measurements will identify location and
extent of damage
- damaged frames can be anchored on a jig and pulled back into shape
▶ Rough-pull sequence (body-on-frame). Answer: pull in reverse order of
damage
▶ Rough-pull sequence (unibody). Answer: preferable pull in all directions
at once, if not possible, pull length, width, then height
,▶ Pulling diamond damage. Answer: - anchor frame at two locations on
one side at 45-degree angle
- pull frame from two locations on other side of frame at same 45-degree
angle in opposite direction
▶ Pulling sag damage. Answer: - block low end
- pull down on high end
▶ Pulling twist damage. Answer: - block low corners
- pull down on opposite high corners
▶ pulling sway damage. Answer: pull swayed frame section laterally in the
opposite direction of the impact
▶ MIG welding. Answer: - uses consumable wire electrode and shielding
gas
- electric arc b/w electrode and base metals melts the metal
▶ TIG welding. Answer: - uses non consumable wire electrode and
shielding gas
- may incorporate a filler rod to increase mechanical properties of the weld
- slower process than MIG welding
- better option for thinner metals because it uses less amerage, causing
less heat distribution
, ▶ resistance spot welding. Answer: - two sheets of metal are forced
together with electricity
- concentrated electrics current melts metal where the two sheets touch
▶ Corrosion protection. Answer: - all bare metal surfaced need corrosion
protection to protect them from rust
- heat destroys factory coating, so corrosion protecting must be reapplied
after any heat applications such as welding
▶ Weld-through primer. Answer: - applied to bare metal flanged in a pinch
weld
- poor adhesion
▶ Sealers. Answer: fills gaps in seam b/w unibody components to keep
out air and moisture
▶ cavity wax. Answer: non-hardening waxy compound that can flow into
hard-to-reach areas, like inside hood and trunk ledges and door shells
▶ undercoating. Answer: strong coating applied to exposed exterior
surfaces, like wheel wells and underside of vehicles
▶ chip (gravel) guard. Answer: tough coating applied to lower areas of
body panels that are exposed to road debris, such as rocker panels
WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026
▶ sag frame damage. Answer: damage to front or rear rails has caused a
height difference in the rail - either higher or lower than factory
specifications
▶ sway frame damage. Answer: the front or rear of the frame has moved
laterally, creating uneven width measurements from the centerline of the
vehicle
▶ Twist frame damage. Answer: heights of opposite corners are uneven,
often repairable in full-frame vehicles
▶ three dimensions of frame damage. Answer: length, width, and height
▶ Rough pulls. Answer: - careful measurements will identify location and
extent of damage
- damaged frames can be anchored on a jig and pulled back into shape
▶ Rough-pull sequence (body-on-frame). Answer: pull in reverse order of
damage
▶ Rough-pull sequence (unibody). Answer: preferable pull in all directions
at once, if not possible, pull length, width, then height
,▶ Pulling diamond damage. Answer: - anchor frame at two locations on
one side at 45-degree angle
- pull frame from two locations on other side of frame at same 45-degree
angle in opposite direction
▶ Pulling sag damage. Answer: - block low end
- pull down on high end
▶ Pulling twist damage. Answer: - block low corners
- pull down on opposite high corners
▶ pulling sway damage. Answer: pull swayed frame section laterally in the
opposite direction of the impact
▶ MIG welding. Answer: - uses consumable wire electrode and shielding
gas
- electric arc b/w electrode and base metals melts the metal
▶ TIG welding. Answer: - uses non consumable wire electrode and
shielding gas
- may incorporate a filler rod to increase mechanical properties of the weld
- slower process than MIG welding
- better option for thinner metals because it uses less amerage, causing
less heat distribution
, ▶ resistance spot welding. Answer: - two sheets of metal are forced
together with electricity
- concentrated electrics current melts metal where the two sheets touch
▶ Corrosion protection. Answer: - all bare metal surfaced need corrosion
protection to protect them from rust
- heat destroys factory coating, so corrosion protecting must be reapplied
after any heat applications such as welding
▶ Weld-through primer. Answer: - applied to bare metal flanged in a pinch
weld
- poor adhesion
▶ Sealers. Answer: fills gaps in seam b/w unibody components to keep
out air and moisture
▶ cavity wax. Answer: non-hardening waxy compound that can flow into
hard-to-reach areas, like inside hood and trunk ledges and door shells
▶ undercoating. Answer: strong coating applied to exposed exterior
surfaces, like wheel wells and underside of vehicles
▶ chip (gravel) guard. Answer: tough coating applied to lower areas of
body panels that are exposed to road debris, such as rocker panels
