Tab 1
, *Class 10th Chemistry - Chapter 10: Acids, Bases and Salts*
_Handwritten style notes for Stuvia - Easy to understand, exam focused_
*1. Quick Summary*
*Acids*: Sour in taste, turn blue litmus red, pH < 7. Give H⁺ ions in water.
*Example*: HCl, H₂SO₄, CH₃COOH, Lemon juice
*Bases*: Bitter taste, soapy feel, turn red litmus blue, pH > 7. Give OH⁻ ions in water.
*Example*: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂, Mg(OH)₂
*Salts*: Formed when acid + base react. Neutral pH = 7.
*Example*: NaCl, CuSO₄, CaCO₃
*pH Scale*: 0-14. 0-6 = Acid, 7 = Neutral, 8-14 = Base. Rain water pH = 5.6
*Indicators*:
1. *Litmus*: Acid = Red, Base = Blue
2. *Phenolphthalein*: Acid = Colorless, Base = Pink
3. *Methyl Orange*: Acid = Red, Base = Yellow
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*2. Important Reactions - Must Learn*
1. *Neutralization*: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
2. *Acid + Metal* → Salt + Hydrogen gas
2HCl + Zn → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑ _Pop sound test for H₂_
3. *Acid + Carbonate* → Salt + Water + CO₂
2HCl + CaCO₃ → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑ _Lime water turns milky_
4. *Acid + Metal Oxide* → Salt + Water
2HCl + CuO → CuCl₂ + H₂O
5. *Base + Non-metal Oxide* → Salt + Water
2NaOH + CO₂ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
6. *Strong vs Weak*:
HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ _Complete ionization = Strong acid_
CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺ _Partial ionization = Weak acid_
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*3. Important MCQs*
, *Class 10th Chemistry - Chapter 10: Acids, Bases and Salts*
_Handwritten style notes for Stuvia - Easy to understand, exam focused_
*1. Quick Summary*
*Acids*: Sour in taste, turn blue litmus red, pH < 7. Give H⁺ ions in water.
*Example*: HCl, H₂SO₄, CH₃COOH, Lemon juice
*Bases*: Bitter taste, soapy feel, turn red litmus blue, pH > 7. Give OH⁻ ions in water.
*Example*: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂, Mg(OH)₂
*Salts*: Formed when acid + base react. Neutral pH = 7.
*Example*: NaCl, CuSO₄, CaCO₃
*pH Scale*: 0-14. 0-6 = Acid, 7 = Neutral, 8-14 = Base. Rain water pH = 5.6
*Indicators*:
1. *Litmus*: Acid = Red, Base = Blue
2. *Phenolphthalein*: Acid = Colorless, Base = Pink
3. *Methyl Orange*: Acid = Red, Base = Yellow
---
*2. Important Reactions - Must Learn*
1. *Neutralization*: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
2. *Acid + Metal* → Salt + Hydrogen gas
2HCl + Zn → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑ _Pop sound test for H₂_
3. *Acid + Carbonate* → Salt + Water + CO₂
2HCl + CaCO₃ → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑ _Lime water turns milky_
4. *Acid + Metal Oxide* → Salt + Water
2HCl + CuO → CuCl₂ + H₂O
5. *Base + Non-metal Oxide* → Salt + Water
2NaOH + CO₂ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
6. *Strong vs Weak*:
HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ _Complete ionization = Strong acid_
CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺ _Partial ionization = Weak acid_
---
*3. Important MCQs*
