APK 6167 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

APK 6167 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Athletes who, due to genetics, possess more Type II muscle fibers than Type I muscle fibers will have an inherent advantage over another athlete who possesses more Type I than Type II muscle fibers in activities where which of the following energy systems is dominant? ATP-PCr Electron transport chain Krebs cycle - Answers ATP-PCr A sport scientist should be familiar with several types of technological tools that may be used to gather relevant information about athletes in a sports organization. Which tool would be used to measure the velocity of a barbell during the execution of a back squat exercise? GPS Force platform AMS IMU - Answers IMU Which of the following is a primary muscle involved in the 4-way neck exercises? sternocleidomastoid tensor fascia late serratus anterior - Answers sternocleidomastoid Glycolysis is a 10 step process that results in either 2 or 3 net ATP. In order to have glucose for glycolysis to occur, glucose is received in the cytoplasm from either the blood or muscle cells (intramuscular glycogen). Which source of glucose results in 3 net ATP produced? Blood Neither can produce 3 net ATP Muscle Cells (intramuscular glycogen) Both can produce 3 net ATP, it depends on the amount of time it takes - Answers Muscle Cells (intramuscular glycogen) Which member of a sports organization's High Performance Unit is responsible for establishing the technical and tactical vision forming the basis of how the athletes will play the game? sport psychologist sport coach athletic trainer strength and conditioning professional - Answers sport coach A friend of yours, who is on the track team, knows you are taking APK6176 so has asked for advice on the best way to maximize the appropriate fuel utilization system in order to increase performance on their 400m run, which is currently at 75 seconds. What advice will you give? Convert to a high fat/low carb diet which has been shown to improve performance in short duration events It doesn't matter, results on training are essentially equivocal with regards to the impact of training for this type of event Utilize a work:rest ratio of between 1:5 and 1:10 to maximize glycogen stores - Answers Utilize a work:rest ratio of between 1:5 and 1:10 to maximize glycogen stores What is one of the "products", i.e. one of the molecules formed during the Krebs cycle? NADH Acetyl-CoA Glucose - Answers NADH In order for the interdisciplinary team of a High Performance Unit to get the right information to the right people at the right time so they can make better decisions, what considerations should be made? people, process, place time, competence, interest whether to use force plate, IMU, or GPS - Answers people, process, place What is the cause of the decrease in pH during high intensity exercise? The H+ that is a product of ATP hydrolysis The Action potential that depolarizes the sarcolemma The production of lactate - Answers The H+ that is a product of ATP hydrolysis The amount of energy (as measured in kcal) obtained per liter of oxygen consumed when carbohydrates are the only source of fuel is different than when fatty acids are the only source of fuel. Which substrate yields the highest kcal per liter of O2 consumed? fatty acid carbohydrate - Answers carbohydrate In which muscle fiber type is the ATP-PCr energy system more prevalent? Type I (slow twitch) Type II (fast twitch) ATP-PCr system is equally prevalent in both muscle fiber types - Answers Type II (fast twitch) Which of the following energy systems yields the most ATP when carbohydrate is used as the substrate? ATP-PCr system glycolysis aerobic metabolism - Answers aerobic metabolism The onset of blood lactate accumulation is said to occur when blood lactate concentrations reach which of the following? 4mM 8mM 2mM - Answers 4mM Which myofilament attaches to the Z-line of a sarcomere via the spring-like titin molecule? actin myosin troponin tropomyosin - Answers myosin A successful endurance athlete would likely have ________________ compared to a sedentary person a higher percentage of fast-twitch fibers a higher percentage of type I fibers the same percentage of slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers - Answers a higher percentage of type I fibers Which of the following is the most appropriate approach to use when prescribing a vertical jump exercise? cue the athlete to focus on their gluteus maximus contracting during the jump portion of the drill place the vertec veins at a height you know the athlete will not be able to reach cue the athlete to jump and touch a vein on the Vertec at a pre-determined height - Answers cue the athlete to jump and touch a vein on the Vertec at a pre-determined height Which of the following represents a mechanism for increasing the force output from a muscle via the nervous system? constrict the diameter of the alpha motor neuron within a motor unit iincrease the recruitment of motor units decrease the rate coding of individual motor units - Answers iincrease the recruitment of motor units Collagen filaments, titin, and tendons make up what portion of the passive length-tension relationship of a muscle? series elastic component parallel elastic component hyper elastic component - Answers series elastic component What is the neurotransmitter involved in the excitation-contraction coupling process? serotonin acetylcholine dopamine - Answers acetylcholine Elite athletes would be expected to demonstrate longer electromechanical delays during similar exercise challenges when compared to novice athletes. True False - Answers false Which of the following areas of a sarcomere will remain constant in size during a concentric skeletal muscle contraction? M-line A-band I-band - Answers A-band Which cells are critical to the process of muscle hypertrophy? glial cells renshaw cells satellite cells - Answers satellite cells Individual muscle fibers generally span the entire length of a muscle belly False True - Answers false An action potential in a neuron occurs due to depolarization of the axon which causes voltage gated Na+ to open. Once the cell is depolarized, K+ channels open so that this ion can leave the cell. During this time, the membrane potential decreases below resting levels in a process known as which of the following? hyperpolarization hypopolarization saltatory conduction - Answers hyper polarization When a skeletal muscle cell is activated, the muscle action potential travels down which of the following into the interior of the fiber? Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Sarcomeres T-tubules - Answers T-tubules Which type of muscle action will likely lead to DOMS when the athlete is unaccustomed to it? concentric muscle action eccentric muscle action isometric muscle action - Answers eccentric muscle action __________ responses to a given ____________ load drives the outcome of training programs. External; internal Internal; external Physiological; maximal - Answers internal; external Which of the following is a characteristic of a successful training system? one that involves all athletes on a team completing the same exercise prescriptions (i.e. lacks individualization) one that rarely assesses the progress of athletes one that adheres to fundamental aspects of training one that rarely manipulates program variables on a micro-level - Answers one that adheres to fundamental aspects of training The most practical assessment to use in the weight room to identify neuromuscular fatigue is which of the following? the isometric mid-thigh pull the superimposed burst technique via muscle electrical stimulation the countermovement jump - Answers the countermovement jump For most athletes, improving maximal strength is more important than improving rate of force development False True - Answers false The stretch shortening cycle is the coupling of eccentric and concentric muscle actions to produce more overall force in plyometrics, agility, and speed drills. The most important phase of the SSC is the amortization phase because it allows afferent signals in and efferent signals out. This must mean that the amortization phase should be _____. Short Doesn't Matter, as long as concentric phase follows. Long - Answers short When monitoring neuromuscular fatigue with a countermovement jump, the athletes jump height will aways tell the full story in terms of fatigue. True False - Answers false The muscle moment arm from the hip to the line of gravity of the external load is greatest among which of the 3 exercises provided in the answer choices (in other words, which of the three answer choices would emphasize hip extension over knee extension due to the greater muscle moment arm for the hip joint)? front squat trap bar deadlift back squat - Answers back squat Which of Newton's laws of motion is demonstrated when a strength and conditioning coach measures the ground reaction force an athlete is subjected to when jumping on a force plate? Newton's first law Newton's second law Newton's third law - Answers newtons third law Which of the following statistics will tell the strength and conditioning coach about the reliability of a particular measurement? correlation coefficient coefficient of variation minimal difference - Answers coefficient of variation A resistance exercise can be made easier or more challenging by changing the position of the external load relative to the body. What effect does this position change have? it changes the weight of the resistance, and thereby changes the resistance torque it changes the mass of the resistance, and thereby changes the resistance torque it changes the length of the resistance moment arm, and therefore, the resistance torque - Answers it changes the length of the resistance moment arm, and therefore, the resistance torque Which of the following is one of the primary muscles involved in upper extremity pulling exercises? Trapezius Rhomboids Serratus anterior - Answers rhomboids The majority of an athlete's strength training program should consist of which of the following so that the athlete can learn how to "steer" forces throughout their kinetic chain? ground based from a supine position ground based from a standing position ground based from a seated position - Answers ground based from a standing position The increase in testosterone concentration that accompanies resistance training exercise unequivocally (i.e. without a doubt) contributes to muscle growth. False True - Answers false Which of the following is an individual with hyperthyroid more susceptible to during exercise? decreased cardiovascular function heat stroke low VO2 - Answers heat stroke What is the appropriate squat depth based on CSCCa recommendations? femur below parallel to the floor bottom of thigh parallel to the floor femur parallel to the floor - Answers femur parallel to the floor The world record for the women's 100m sprint is 10.49sec. A female sprinter who sets a goal of completing the 100m dash in 10.6sec or less is creating which of the following? A key performance indicator A performance objective A determinant of performance - Answers A performance objective The rise in Growth Hormone that accompanies moderate intensity resistance exercise plays a significant role in the hypertrophy response to that exercise. False True - Answers false Which of the following is a primary muscle involved in posterior chain knee flexion exercises? biceps femoris quadratus femoris rectus femoris - Answers biceps femoris Physiologic key performance indicators such as power output, distance covered, speed and acceleration, and weight lifted are used to identify which of the following? internal training load external training load performance objectives - Answers external training load Hormones primarily help maintain the body's homeostasis via which of the following? negative feedback loops neutral feedback loops positive feedback loops - Answers negative feedback loops Both the nervous system and the endocrine system are responsible for communication within our bodies. The nervous system utilizes neurotransmitters as the primary chemical to impart a message while the endocrine system utilizes hormones. Which of the following is true regarding the mechanisms of action for these two types of chemicals neurotransmitters elicit changes in membrane potential whereas hormones elicit biochemical pathways to initiate neurotransmitters can impact a neighboring nerve cell whereas hormones cannot impact a neighboring cell from the one that secreted it neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the surface of a cell whereas hormones are not capable of doing that - Answers neurotransmitters elicit changes in membrane potential whereas hormones elicit biochemical pathways to initiate A strength coach identifying the optimal pacing strategy for a marathon athlete to use during an upcoming race is seeking which of the following types of information? Physiological demand Tactical requirement Psychological skill Technical requirement - Answers Tactical requirement What class of lever is created during a typical push up exercise when considering the foot's interaction with the ground as the fulcrum? first class lever third class lever fourth class lever second class lever - Answers second class lever Which of the following key performance indicators will have the LEAST validity and reliability? ground reaction forces when landing from a simulated volleyball serve onto a force plate barbell velocity during an olympic snatch exercise knee flexion angles during cutting tasks in a laboratory setting without opponents - Answers knee flexion angles during cutting tasks in a laboratory setting without opponents An isokinetic dynamometer is a piece of equipment normally used in laboratory settings that measures peak torques for specific joint motions at specific, pre-determined, joint velocities. Performing a test on an isokinetic dynamometer to measure knee flexion and extension peak torques would have which of the following characteristics? low construct validity, high face validity high construct validity, high face validity high construct validity, low face validity low construct validity, low face validity - Answers high construct validity, low face validity What is the purpose of screening in athletics? to predict the outcome of a competition to predict the performance level of an athlete to predict the likelihood of an injury occurring - Answers to predict the likelihood of an injury occurring Which of the following is categorized as a sprint repetition test? 30-15 intermittent fitness test 1.5mile run test Full Court Run in 60sec x 5 test - Answers Full Court Run in 60sec x 5 test Benchmarking and profiling of sports and individual athletes can be used at what level of the training process? all of these within microcycles within single training sessions within macrocycles - Answers all of these A collegiate strength and conditioning coach assigned to work with 4 different teams should use the same battery of tests on the athletes of all 4 teams True False - Answers false Predictive and Concurrent validity are different types of which of the following forms of validity? Performance validity Face validity Criterion validity - Answers Criterion validity During a training session late in the off-season, an athlete is able to perform 6 repetitions of the back squat exercise on the final set for the day before his/her technique breaks down on the 7th repetition. The load used during this last set therefore represents what percentage of the athlete's current 1RM for the back squat? 60% 85% 97% - Answers 85% Comparing an individual athlete's measured physical capabilities to normative data tables of athletes in the same sport, gender, maturation level, and ability level is known as.... Profiling Long term athletic development Benchmarking - Answers Benchmarking Which of the following is an error common to both the Barbell Romanian Deadlift and the Kettlebell Swing? knee valgus excessive knee flexion lumbar spine hyperextension - Answers excessive knee flexion Which metric may tell a strength and conditioning coach how well an athlete utilizes the stretch shortening cycle? 1RM peak torque eccentric utilization ratio - Answers eccentric utilization ratio The correct set up for the conventional deadlift exercise involves positioning the barbell over the midfoot and the shoulders directly over the barbell. Which component of the resistive torque created by the barbell is positively affected by this set up? moment arm weight of the barbell both of these - Answers moment arm Most hormones fall into which classification? peptide steroid amine - Answers peptide Which statistical technique allows the strength coach to compare an individual athlete's score to the team's average and team's standard deviation? z-score coefficient of variation t-score - Answers z-score Stroke volume is determined by 4 characteristics of the cardiovascular system. Which characteristic describes the capacity of the ventricles to relax and expand during diastole? ventricular contractility ventricular distensibility venous return vascular resistance - Answers ventricular distensibility A strength and conditioning coach can expect the VO2max value of an elite female endurance athlete to be approximately..... 60-70mL/kg/min 20-30mL/kg/min 40-50mL/kg/min