C805 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026
MRSA - Answers - S&S: redness, swelling, may resemble a boil with pus, skin rash,
sore skin
DX: Rapid Blood test
TX: Antibiotic, draining of skin sore
Malaria - Answers - S&S: fever, chills, sweating, and other flu like symptoms; anemia,
jaundice, and malaise due to destruction of RBCs; Transmitted by mosquitoes
DX: presence of parasites in RBCs on blood smears
TX: Antimalarials
Staph Infection - Answers - S&S: 'super bug'; collection of pus, boil, or abscess at site;
warm to touch
DX: rapid blood test; culture; sensitivity
TX: antibiotic; draining of area
Active Immunity - Answers - process the body uses to protect itself from disease; results
due to prior exposure to an infectious agent or its antigens
Passive immunity - Answers - person is given antibodies rather than producing them;
immunization
Benign Tumors - Answers - remains circumsized; size may vary; does not infiltrate
surrounding tissue
Malignant Tumors - Answers - spreads to other cells, tissues, and parts of the body
through the bloodstream or lymphatic system
Metastasis Process - Answers - The spreading process; Cancerous cells enter the
bloodstream and are carried to other sights of the body
Near Drowning - Answers - Breathing fluid or not enough oxygenated blood; Person
generally aspirates fluid or may have an obstructed airway caused by a spasm of the
larynx when gasping underwater
TX: CPR
Asphyxiation - Answers - Lack of oxygen coupled with accumulating carbon dioxide in
blood;
may result from: carbon dioxide poisoning, near drowning, hypoventilation, airway
obstruction, or inhalation of toxic fumes
TX: removal of obstruction, CPR, oxygenation, and intubation
Allergies - Answers - Malfunctioning immunity (food, environment, heredity); transfusion
reaction; drug hypersensitivity; Anaphylaxis, congestion, hives, rash, sneeze
,closed (simple) fracture - Answers - break that does not penetrate the skin
open fracture (compound fracture) - Answers - bone is broken and there is an open
wound in the skin
simple fracture - Answers - break in the rib
comminuted fracture - Answers - broken or splintered into pieces, often with fragments
imbedded in surrounding tissue
impacted fracture - Answers - one end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the
interior of the other
Incomplete (partial) fracture - Answers - A break in which the fraction line does not
include the whole bone (stress fracture).
greenstick fracture - Answers - bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often
seen in children
Dislocation - Answers - occurs when bone is separated from joint; luxation: full,
subluxation: partial
S&S: visible deformity; limited movement, swelling, bruising, severe pain at joint
DX: H&P, visualization of deformity, X-Ray, MRI for torn ligament, swelling
TX: manual reduction, surgical reduction/repair of torn ligaments/muscles, pain
medication, muscle relaxers, PT, immobilization
Sprains vs. Strains - Answers - sprain: tearing or stretching of ligament surrounding a
joint following a sharp twist; strain: tearing or overstretching of the tendon or muscle
S&S: local pain and inflammation, discoloration, loss of mobility
DX: Medication history with recent activity, X-Ray to rule out fracture, MRI
TX: RICE, NSAIDs
Rickets - Answers - Childhood D3 deficiency
S&S: bow legs, delayed growth
DX: X-Ray, blood and urine test
TX: D3 and calcium supplements
Osteomalacia - Answers - S&S: soft, weak bones in adults caused by D3 deficiency;
brittle and deformed bones
DX: blood and urine tests; x-rays; bone biopsy
TX: oral D3 for weeks to months
Gout - Answers - Chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
S&S: sudden onset of excruciating joint pain; acute: mild fever and chills
, DX: identification of urate crystals in joint fluid; tophi around joints; urinalysis, ESR,
WBC Count, X Rays
TX: bed rest; immobilization; heat or cold; analgesics; corticosteroids (PO or Inj); low-
purine diet; fluids; antihyperuricemic agents
Herniated disk - Answers - S&S: severe back pain worse with movement; paresthesia;
restricted neck motility
DX: sciatic pain with straight-leg-raising test; spinal X-ray; CT scan; MRI; myelography
TX: bed rest; heat and cold; salicylate analgesics; muscle relaxants; laminectomy or
endoscopic microdiscectomy
planter fasciitis - Answers - S&S: pain, tenderness, or swelling on bottom of heal
DX: physical exam; X-ray to rule out other injury
TX: NSAIDs; Ice; rest; flexibility exercises; shoe inserts; corticosteroid injection;
extracorporeal shock wave therapy; surgery to release fascia
paget's disease - Answers - S&S: high rate of bone turnover; bone replaced by coarse,
irregular bone; enlargement and thickening of bone; hydroxyproline
DX: bone scintiscan; X-ray; bone marrow biopsy; blood and urine analysis
TX: NSAIDs; PT; surgery; pain management
lordosis - Answers - abnormal inward curvature of the spine (a.k.a. swayback)
kyphosis - Answers - abnormal outward curvature of the upper thoracic vertebrae (a.k.a.
hunchback)
scoliosis - Answers - abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right;
usually in combination with Kyphosis or lordosis
Osteoporosis - Answers - S&S: pain; bone fractures; height loss; brittle and fragile
bones
DX: blood test; X-ray; bone scintiscan; bone biopsy; CT; DEXA scan
TX: dietary changes; calcium supplement; exercise; analgesics; MTV; bisphosphonates;
calcitonin
osteoarthritis - Answers - S&S: deep aching joint pain; morning stiffness and swelling;
aching with weather changes; crepitation
DX: H&P; skeletal X-rays; bone scan or MRI
TX: NSAIDs; PT; injection of artificial joint fluid; bone fusion; joint replacement;
debridement
fibromyalgia - Answers - S&S: constant dull muscle ache; exhaustion; cognitive
difficulties
DX: Physical exam showing widespread pain lasting at least 3 months with no
underlying cause; blood work
MRSA - Answers - S&S: redness, swelling, may resemble a boil with pus, skin rash,
sore skin
DX: Rapid Blood test
TX: Antibiotic, draining of skin sore
Malaria - Answers - S&S: fever, chills, sweating, and other flu like symptoms; anemia,
jaundice, and malaise due to destruction of RBCs; Transmitted by mosquitoes
DX: presence of parasites in RBCs on blood smears
TX: Antimalarials
Staph Infection - Answers - S&S: 'super bug'; collection of pus, boil, or abscess at site;
warm to touch
DX: rapid blood test; culture; sensitivity
TX: antibiotic; draining of area
Active Immunity - Answers - process the body uses to protect itself from disease; results
due to prior exposure to an infectious agent or its antigens
Passive immunity - Answers - person is given antibodies rather than producing them;
immunization
Benign Tumors - Answers - remains circumsized; size may vary; does not infiltrate
surrounding tissue
Malignant Tumors - Answers - spreads to other cells, tissues, and parts of the body
through the bloodstream or lymphatic system
Metastasis Process - Answers - The spreading process; Cancerous cells enter the
bloodstream and are carried to other sights of the body
Near Drowning - Answers - Breathing fluid or not enough oxygenated blood; Person
generally aspirates fluid or may have an obstructed airway caused by a spasm of the
larynx when gasping underwater
TX: CPR
Asphyxiation - Answers - Lack of oxygen coupled with accumulating carbon dioxide in
blood;
may result from: carbon dioxide poisoning, near drowning, hypoventilation, airway
obstruction, or inhalation of toxic fumes
TX: removal of obstruction, CPR, oxygenation, and intubation
Allergies - Answers - Malfunctioning immunity (food, environment, heredity); transfusion
reaction; drug hypersensitivity; Anaphylaxis, congestion, hives, rash, sneeze
,closed (simple) fracture - Answers - break that does not penetrate the skin
open fracture (compound fracture) - Answers - bone is broken and there is an open
wound in the skin
simple fracture - Answers - break in the rib
comminuted fracture - Answers - broken or splintered into pieces, often with fragments
imbedded in surrounding tissue
impacted fracture - Answers - one end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the
interior of the other
Incomplete (partial) fracture - Answers - A break in which the fraction line does not
include the whole bone (stress fracture).
greenstick fracture - Answers - bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often
seen in children
Dislocation - Answers - occurs when bone is separated from joint; luxation: full,
subluxation: partial
S&S: visible deformity; limited movement, swelling, bruising, severe pain at joint
DX: H&P, visualization of deformity, X-Ray, MRI for torn ligament, swelling
TX: manual reduction, surgical reduction/repair of torn ligaments/muscles, pain
medication, muscle relaxers, PT, immobilization
Sprains vs. Strains - Answers - sprain: tearing or stretching of ligament surrounding a
joint following a sharp twist; strain: tearing or overstretching of the tendon or muscle
S&S: local pain and inflammation, discoloration, loss of mobility
DX: Medication history with recent activity, X-Ray to rule out fracture, MRI
TX: RICE, NSAIDs
Rickets - Answers - Childhood D3 deficiency
S&S: bow legs, delayed growth
DX: X-Ray, blood and urine test
TX: D3 and calcium supplements
Osteomalacia - Answers - S&S: soft, weak bones in adults caused by D3 deficiency;
brittle and deformed bones
DX: blood and urine tests; x-rays; bone biopsy
TX: oral D3 for weeks to months
Gout - Answers - Chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
S&S: sudden onset of excruciating joint pain; acute: mild fever and chills
, DX: identification of urate crystals in joint fluid; tophi around joints; urinalysis, ESR,
WBC Count, X Rays
TX: bed rest; immobilization; heat or cold; analgesics; corticosteroids (PO or Inj); low-
purine diet; fluids; antihyperuricemic agents
Herniated disk - Answers - S&S: severe back pain worse with movement; paresthesia;
restricted neck motility
DX: sciatic pain with straight-leg-raising test; spinal X-ray; CT scan; MRI; myelography
TX: bed rest; heat and cold; salicylate analgesics; muscle relaxants; laminectomy or
endoscopic microdiscectomy
planter fasciitis - Answers - S&S: pain, tenderness, or swelling on bottom of heal
DX: physical exam; X-ray to rule out other injury
TX: NSAIDs; Ice; rest; flexibility exercises; shoe inserts; corticosteroid injection;
extracorporeal shock wave therapy; surgery to release fascia
paget's disease - Answers - S&S: high rate of bone turnover; bone replaced by coarse,
irregular bone; enlargement and thickening of bone; hydroxyproline
DX: bone scintiscan; X-ray; bone marrow biopsy; blood and urine analysis
TX: NSAIDs; PT; surgery; pain management
lordosis - Answers - abnormal inward curvature of the spine (a.k.a. swayback)
kyphosis - Answers - abnormal outward curvature of the upper thoracic vertebrae (a.k.a.
hunchback)
scoliosis - Answers - abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right;
usually in combination with Kyphosis or lordosis
Osteoporosis - Answers - S&S: pain; bone fractures; height loss; brittle and fragile
bones
DX: blood test; X-ray; bone scintiscan; bone biopsy; CT; DEXA scan
TX: dietary changes; calcium supplement; exercise; analgesics; MTV; bisphosphonates;
calcitonin
osteoarthritis - Answers - S&S: deep aching joint pain; morning stiffness and swelling;
aching with weather changes; crepitation
DX: H&P; skeletal X-rays; bone scan or MRI
TX: NSAIDs; PT; injection of artificial joint fluid; bone fusion; joint replacement;
debridement
fibromyalgia - Answers - S&S: constant dull muscle ache; exhaustion; cognitive
difficulties
DX: Physical exam showing widespread pain lasting at least 3 months with no
underlying cause; blood work
