C805 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
MRSA - Answers - "antibiotic-resistant form of Staph infection that commonly develops
on the skin; red, swollen, rash; transmitted usually skin to skin;
multi-drug resistant organism difficult to treat can progress into blood, bone, lung, or
skin infections, can be life-threatening"
Malaria - Answers - fever, chills, sweating and other flu like symptoms; transmitted by
mosquitos; anemia, jaundice, fever, and malaise due to the destruction of RBCs
Staph Infection - Answers - caused by a Staphylococcus (or "staph") bacteria; range
from a simple boil to antibiotic-resistant infections to flesh-eating infections; symtoms
include red, swollen skin w/ pus, and warm to touch
Active Immunity - Answers - immunity that results from the own production of antibodies
Passive Immunity - Answers - immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies
from another person or animal; immunizations
Malignant Tumors - Answers - metastatic capabilities; slow growth; distorted shape;
abnormal cells; cancerous tumors; develop when cells grow uncontrollably; can grow
quickly and spread throgh they body by metastasis
Benign Tumors - Answers - abnormal cells; remain localized; rarely reoccur; slow
grwoth; distorted shape; types of benign tumors; Adenoma, Osteoma, Nevi/Moles,
Fibroids, Myomas, Lipomas; mass of cells (tumor) that lack the ability to invade
neighboring tissue or metastasize
Non-Hodkin's lymphoma - Answers - cancer that originates in your lymphatic system;
develops from lymphocytes - WBCs. Painless, swollen lymph nodes in your neck,
armpits, or groin
Metastasis - Answers - development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from
a primary site of cancer; commonly develops when cancer cells break away from the
main tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system
Near Drowning - Answers - Respiratory distress; breathing fluid or not enough
oxygenated blood; the larynx (a part of the air passage) closes involuntarily, preventing
both air and water from entering the lungs
Asphyxiation - Answers - lack of oxygen coupled with accumulating carbon dioxide in
the blood, may result from carbon monoxide poisoning, near drowning, hypoventilation,
airway obstruction, or inhalation of toxic fumes.
, Allergies - Answers - nose hairs, sneezing, inflamed nasal passages, watery eyes.
Second Degree Burn - Answers - Skin appears red and swollen, very painful, w/ skin
blisters
Closed fractures - Answers - break in bone, skin intact
Open or Compound fracture - Answers - break where the wound is leading down to
fracture or bone breaks skin
Comminuted fracture - Answers - shattering fracture
Colles fracture - Answers - break in the end of the radius in wrist; often occurs when the
wrist is extended to break a fall
Greenstick fracture - Answers - bone partially bent or split, occurs with soft bones
Common dislocations - Answers - shoulder, hip, jaw, knee, spine, and elbow
Sprains - Answers - stretching/tearing of ligaments
Strain - Answers - stretching/tearing of muscle or tissue
Rickets - Answers - only occurs in children (growth plates have not fused); softening
and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged
vitamin D deficiency
Osteomyelitis - Answers - softening of your bones, most often caused by severe vitamin
D deficiency. The softened bones of children and young adults with osteomalacia can
lead to bowing during growth, especially in weight-bearing bones of the legs.
Gout - Answers - disease of the uric acid metabolism, typically joint pain in big toe;
deposits will build up around joints; characterized by, kidney stones, urea in blood and
renal dysfunction
Herniated disk - Answers - common on site l4-l5; disc pushes on nerves causing
discomfort in lower back; symptoms include severe back pain, paresthesia
Plantar fasciitis - Answers - inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel
bone to the toes
Paget's Disease - Answers - high rate of bone turnover, bone is replaced by
coarse/irregular bone; hydroxyproline enlargement and thickening of the bone
Lordosis - Answers - curving inward of the lower back; also called sway back. Affects
lumbar/lower spine
MRSA - Answers - "antibiotic-resistant form of Staph infection that commonly develops
on the skin; red, swollen, rash; transmitted usually skin to skin;
multi-drug resistant organism difficult to treat can progress into blood, bone, lung, or
skin infections, can be life-threatening"
Malaria - Answers - fever, chills, sweating and other flu like symptoms; transmitted by
mosquitos; anemia, jaundice, fever, and malaise due to the destruction of RBCs
Staph Infection - Answers - caused by a Staphylococcus (or "staph") bacteria; range
from a simple boil to antibiotic-resistant infections to flesh-eating infections; symtoms
include red, swollen skin w/ pus, and warm to touch
Active Immunity - Answers - immunity that results from the own production of antibodies
Passive Immunity - Answers - immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies
from another person or animal; immunizations
Malignant Tumors - Answers - metastatic capabilities; slow growth; distorted shape;
abnormal cells; cancerous tumors; develop when cells grow uncontrollably; can grow
quickly and spread throgh they body by metastasis
Benign Tumors - Answers - abnormal cells; remain localized; rarely reoccur; slow
grwoth; distorted shape; types of benign tumors; Adenoma, Osteoma, Nevi/Moles,
Fibroids, Myomas, Lipomas; mass of cells (tumor) that lack the ability to invade
neighboring tissue or metastasize
Non-Hodkin's lymphoma - Answers - cancer that originates in your lymphatic system;
develops from lymphocytes - WBCs. Painless, swollen lymph nodes in your neck,
armpits, or groin
Metastasis - Answers - development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from
a primary site of cancer; commonly develops when cancer cells break away from the
main tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system
Near Drowning - Answers - Respiratory distress; breathing fluid or not enough
oxygenated blood; the larynx (a part of the air passage) closes involuntarily, preventing
both air and water from entering the lungs
Asphyxiation - Answers - lack of oxygen coupled with accumulating carbon dioxide in
the blood, may result from carbon monoxide poisoning, near drowning, hypoventilation,
airway obstruction, or inhalation of toxic fumes.
, Allergies - Answers - nose hairs, sneezing, inflamed nasal passages, watery eyes.
Second Degree Burn - Answers - Skin appears red and swollen, very painful, w/ skin
blisters
Closed fractures - Answers - break in bone, skin intact
Open or Compound fracture - Answers - break where the wound is leading down to
fracture or bone breaks skin
Comminuted fracture - Answers - shattering fracture
Colles fracture - Answers - break in the end of the radius in wrist; often occurs when the
wrist is extended to break a fall
Greenstick fracture - Answers - bone partially bent or split, occurs with soft bones
Common dislocations - Answers - shoulder, hip, jaw, knee, spine, and elbow
Sprains - Answers - stretching/tearing of ligaments
Strain - Answers - stretching/tearing of muscle or tissue
Rickets - Answers - only occurs in children (growth plates have not fused); softening
and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged
vitamin D deficiency
Osteomyelitis - Answers - softening of your bones, most often caused by severe vitamin
D deficiency. The softened bones of children and young adults with osteomalacia can
lead to bowing during growth, especially in weight-bearing bones of the legs.
Gout - Answers - disease of the uric acid metabolism, typically joint pain in big toe;
deposits will build up around joints; characterized by, kidney stones, urea in blood and
renal dysfunction
Herniated disk - Answers - common on site l4-l5; disc pushes on nerves causing
discomfort in lower back; symptoms include severe back pain, paresthesia
Plantar fasciitis - Answers - inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel
bone to the toes
Paget's Disease - Answers - high rate of bone turnover, bone is replaced by
coarse/irregular bone; hydroxyproline enlargement and thickening of the bone
Lordosis - Answers - curving inward of the lower back; also called sway back. Affects
lumbar/lower spine
