C805 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
mrsa - Answers - a cause of staph infection difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance
S&S: wound; painful, reddened, swollen, and warm to touch
lungs; pneumonia, systemic symptoms (fever, vomiting)
Dx: rapid blood test
Tx: antibiotics, draining of sore
malaria - Answers - a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite
S&S: fever, shaking, chills, headache, muscle aches, n/v/d, anemia, jaundice
Dx: blood smear indicating presence of parasites, rapid malaria antigen test
Tx: antimalaria Rxs
staph infection - Answers - infection caused by bacteria commonly found on the skin or
in the nose
S&S: boils, oozing blisters, n/v/d, puss
Dx: revising cultures of tissue, nasal secretions
Tx: drainage of infection, antibiotics
active immunity - Answers - the immunity that results from the production of antibodies
by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen
occurs after having a disease
passive immunity - Answers - An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk or receiving vaccinations
benign tumors - Answers - tumor remains localized as a discrete mass
there may be an excessive growth of cells but may also grow slowly and is rarely fatal
tumor is encapsulated and does not infiltrate surrounding tissue and rarely recurs after
tumorectomy
,malignant tumors - Answers - an invasive tumor that grows rapidly where it sometimes
becomes anaplastic (loss of cell definition and function)
may metastasize through the blood or lymph.
tumor cells are abnormal being distorted in size, shape, and structure
delay in treatment may result in death - cancer
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Answers - a malignant cancer that starts in the
lymphocytes; includes any type of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphoma
process of metastasis - Answers - to metastasize is for abnormal cells to spread
through the circulatory system
cancer cells break away from the original tumor where they then travel through the
blood or lymph system forming a new tumor in other organs or tissues of the body
newly formed tumor(s) is the same cancer type as primary tumor
near drowning - Answers - person will aspirate fluid or may have airway obstructed
caused by a spasm of the larynx when gasping underwater resulting in hypoxemia
(insufficient oxygenation of the arterial blood)
minutes or days after the occurrence, person may experience respiratory distress
Tx: CPR
asphyxiation - Answers - lack of oxygen coupled with accumulating carbon dioxide in
the bloody which may result from carbon monoxide poisoning, near drowning,
hyperventilation, airway obstruction, or inhalation of toxic fumes.
Tx: removal of any obstruction, CPR, oxygenation, and intubation
allergies - Answers - a damaging immune response by the body to a substance,
especially pollen, fur, a particular food, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive
S&S: chill, n/v, pain, anaphylaxis, CHF, hypotension, shock, nasal congestion, itching,
sneezing
Dx: blood and lab tests to confirm type + severity of Ax reaction
Tx: Rx, immunotherapy
closed simple fracture - Answers - a break in the bone with no external wound to the
skin
,open or compound fracture - Answers - break that pierces skin
simple fracture - Answers - bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin
comminuted fracture - Answers - fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
impacted fracture - Answers - broken bone ends are forced into each other
incomplete partial fracture - Answers - fraction line does not include the whole bone
(stress fracture)
greenstick fracture - Answers - bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often
seen in children
sprains vs. strains - Answers - sprain: tearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a
joint that usually follow a sharp twist
strain: a tearing or overstretching of a tendon or muscle
S&S: localized pain/inflammation, black and blue discoloration, loss of mobility
Dx: x-ray, MRI
Tx: cold compresses, immobilization of affected boy part, analgesics, NSAIDs, surgical
repair if not healed properly
disclocations - Answers - when a bone is separated from a joint
S&S: visibly deformed bone, limited movement, swelling, bruising, severe joint pain
Dx: x-ray, MRI, visual examination
Tx: manual reduction/realignment, surgical reduction, Rxs, physical therapy
subluxation - Answers - partial dislocation
rickets - Answers - softening and weakening of bones in children more commonly cause
by extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency
S&S: delayed growth, delayed motor skills, spine, pelvis, and leg pain, muscle
weakness
Dx: blood tests, x-rays
Tx: vitamin D and calcium supplements
, osteomyelitis - Answers - an acute or chronic infection of the bone-forming tissue
S&S: fever, chills, malaise, sweating, pain, bone tenderness, bone swelling, fatigue,
open wound drainage
Dx: physical examination, blood cultures, x-rays, bone scans, MRI, bone biopsy
Tx: bed rest, antibiotics, surgical drainage, tissue or bone grafts, immobilization
osteomalacia - Answers - softening of the bones
S&S: bone pain, joint pain, muscle pain/weakness, easy bone break, difficulty walking,
muscle cramps
Dx: blood an urine tests, x-rays, bone biopsy
Tx: vitamin D and calcium supplements
gout - Answers - a chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
S&S: excruciating joint pain, acute joint pain attacks of big toes
Dx: urate crystals present in joint fluid, tophi in or around joint, skeletal x-rays
Tx: bed rest, immobilization, heat or cold applications, analgesics
herniated disk - Answers - fragment of the disc nucleus that is pushed out of the
annulus into the spinal canal through a tear or rupture in the annulus
S&S: sever back pain worsening with motion, numbness sensation, prickling, tingling,
restricted neck mobility
Dx: present sciatic pain when when straightening leg, spinal x-rays, CT, MRI
Tx: bed rest, alternating heat and cold application, muscle relaxants, low extremities
traction, back brace, surgical removal of disk
plantar fascitis - Answers - common condition that results from irritation of the ligament
on the bottom of the foot that connects the heel to the toes
S&S: pain/stiffness of feet when getting out of bed or sitting for long periods
Dx: physical exam revealing pain, tenderness, or swelling on bottom of heel, x-rays
mrsa - Answers - a cause of staph infection difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance
S&S: wound; painful, reddened, swollen, and warm to touch
lungs; pneumonia, systemic symptoms (fever, vomiting)
Dx: rapid blood test
Tx: antibiotics, draining of sore
malaria - Answers - a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite
S&S: fever, shaking, chills, headache, muscle aches, n/v/d, anemia, jaundice
Dx: blood smear indicating presence of parasites, rapid malaria antigen test
Tx: antimalaria Rxs
staph infection - Answers - infection caused by bacteria commonly found on the skin or
in the nose
S&S: boils, oozing blisters, n/v/d, puss
Dx: revising cultures of tissue, nasal secretions
Tx: drainage of infection, antibiotics
active immunity - Answers - the immunity that results from the production of antibodies
by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen
occurs after having a disease
passive immunity - Answers - An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk or receiving vaccinations
benign tumors - Answers - tumor remains localized as a discrete mass
there may be an excessive growth of cells but may also grow slowly and is rarely fatal
tumor is encapsulated and does not infiltrate surrounding tissue and rarely recurs after
tumorectomy
,malignant tumors - Answers - an invasive tumor that grows rapidly where it sometimes
becomes anaplastic (loss of cell definition and function)
may metastasize through the blood or lymph.
tumor cells are abnormal being distorted in size, shape, and structure
delay in treatment may result in death - cancer
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Answers - a malignant cancer that starts in the
lymphocytes; includes any type of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphoma
process of metastasis - Answers - to metastasize is for abnormal cells to spread
through the circulatory system
cancer cells break away from the original tumor where they then travel through the
blood or lymph system forming a new tumor in other organs or tissues of the body
newly formed tumor(s) is the same cancer type as primary tumor
near drowning - Answers - person will aspirate fluid or may have airway obstructed
caused by a spasm of the larynx when gasping underwater resulting in hypoxemia
(insufficient oxygenation of the arterial blood)
minutes or days after the occurrence, person may experience respiratory distress
Tx: CPR
asphyxiation - Answers - lack of oxygen coupled with accumulating carbon dioxide in
the bloody which may result from carbon monoxide poisoning, near drowning,
hyperventilation, airway obstruction, or inhalation of toxic fumes.
Tx: removal of any obstruction, CPR, oxygenation, and intubation
allergies - Answers - a damaging immune response by the body to a substance,
especially pollen, fur, a particular food, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive
S&S: chill, n/v, pain, anaphylaxis, CHF, hypotension, shock, nasal congestion, itching,
sneezing
Dx: blood and lab tests to confirm type + severity of Ax reaction
Tx: Rx, immunotherapy
closed simple fracture - Answers - a break in the bone with no external wound to the
skin
,open or compound fracture - Answers - break that pierces skin
simple fracture - Answers - bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin
comminuted fracture - Answers - fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
impacted fracture - Answers - broken bone ends are forced into each other
incomplete partial fracture - Answers - fraction line does not include the whole bone
(stress fracture)
greenstick fracture - Answers - bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often
seen in children
sprains vs. strains - Answers - sprain: tearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a
joint that usually follow a sharp twist
strain: a tearing or overstretching of a tendon or muscle
S&S: localized pain/inflammation, black and blue discoloration, loss of mobility
Dx: x-ray, MRI
Tx: cold compresses, immobilization of affected boy part, analgesics, NSAIDs, surgical
repair if not healed properly
disclocations - Answers - when a bone is separated from a joint
S&S: visibly deformed bone, limited movement, swelling, bruising, severe joint pain
Dx: x-ray, MRI, visual examination
Tx: manual reduction/realignment, surgical reduction, Rxs, physical therapy
subluxation - Answers - partial dislocation
rickets - Answers - softening and weakening of bones in children more commonly cause
by extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency
S&S: delayed growth, delayed motor skills, spine, pelvis, and leg pain, muscle
weakness
Dx: blood tests, x-rays
Tx: vitamin D and calcium supplements
, osteomyelitis - Answers - an acute or chronic infection of the bone-forming tissue
S&S: fever, chills, malaise, sweating, pain, bone tenderness, bone swelling, fatigue,
open wound drainage
Dx: physical examination, blood cultures, x-rays, bone scans, MRI, bone biopsy
Tx: bed rest, antibiotics, surgical drainage, tissue or bone grafts, immobilization
osteomalacia - Answers - softening of the bones
S&S: bone pain, joint pain, muscle pain/weakness, easy bone break, difficulty walking,
muscle cramps
Dx: blood an urine tests, x-rays, bone biopsy
Tx: vitamin D and calcium supplements
gout - Answers - a chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism
S&S: excruciating joint pain, acute joint pain attacks of big toes
Dx: urate crystals present in joint fluid, tophi in or around joint, skeletal x-rays
Tx: bed rest, immobilization, heat or cold applications, analgesics
herniated disk - Answers - fragment of the disc nucleus that is pushed out of the
annulus into the spinal canal through a tear or rupture in the annulus
S&S: sever back pain worsening with motion, numbness sensation, prickling, tingling,
restricted neck mobility
Dx: present sciatic pain when when straightening leg, spinal x-rays, CT, MRI
Tx: bed rest, alternating heat and cold application, muscle relaxants, low extremities
traction, back brace, surgical removal of disk
plantar fascitis - Answers - common condition that results from irritation of the ligament
on the bottom of the foot that connects the heel to the toes
S&S: pain/stiffness of feet when getting out of bed or sitting for long periods
Dx: physical exam revealing pain, tenderness, or swelling on bottom of heel, x-rays
