ORTHO CERTIFICATION EXAM 2026 | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST UPDATE
Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis - correct answerautoimmune
genetically predisposed
infectious trigger
Presentation of RA vs. OA - correct answeruniform joint space narrowing*
quick progressing
inflammatory process
pannus formation
periods of exacerbation & remissions
Clinical Presentation of RA & describe stiffness - correct answermorning stiffness
that lasts around 4 hours
erosions of MPJ , PIP joints
Medications to treat RA - correct answerNSAIDs @ first
DMARDs (Methotrexate, Leflunomide)
,Steroids - used cautiously b/c of immunosuppressive effects
TNF blockers "-mabs", "cepts"
Management of RA - correct answerRoM exercises
strength/endurance exercises
splints
Therapeutic use of heat/cold
Surgery
Diagnosis of RA - correct answerxray - shows bony erosions in metacarpal and
metatarsal heads
Labs to diagnose RA - correct answerCRP
Rheumatoid factor
Osteoarthritis description - correct answerSlow
Non-inflammatory
osteophyte formation
OA prevalence - correct answer>50 y/o
women more than men
OA Diagnostic Tests - correct answerNo specific test to diagnose
x-ray - joint space narrowing, osteophytes, degenerative cysts
OA Diagnostic Labs - correct answerESR - elevated markedly
Synovial fluid assay - fluid is clear/yellow
WBC is low - synovial fluid
Glucose level equals pt serum glucose
,OA Clinical Presentation - correct answerMorning stiffness - lasts about 30 minutes
Heberden's Nodes - DIP Joint
Bouchards Nodes - PIP Joint
OA Therapeutic Modalities - correct answerExercise programs - low
impact/strengthening
Weight loss
Ice/Heat
Spints/braces/assistive devices
Massage/biofeedback
OA Medications for treatment - correct answerAcetaminophen - high dose
Aspririn/NSAIDs
Glucosamine/Chondroitin
Joint Steroid Injections
Topical/Capsaicin cream
Kyphosis - correct answerAnterior curvature of spine
"C"
Scoliosis - correct answerabnormal lateral curvature of the spine
"S" shape
Radicular pain - correct answerreferred pain from pressure on a spinal nerve root
Degenerative Disc Diseases - correct answerpremature aging of one or more
lumbar intervertebral discs w/low back pain
, Degenerative Disc Disease progresses to what? - correct answerHerniated Nucleus
Pulposus
Presentation of HNP - correct answerRadicular symptoms:
LE pain, numbness, and/or dysesthesia
decreased ARoM
muscle weakness
DTR diminished or absent
HNP/DDD back pain increases with what? - correct answerprolonged sitting/driving
sneezing, coughing
valsalva maneuver
HNP/DDD patients prefer what position? - correct answerstanding or lying down
What exam tests diagnoses HNP? - correct answerStraight Leg Raising Test
Straight Leg Raise Test - correct answertest often performed to determine whether
a patient with low back pain has:
disc pathology or nerve root irritation.
positive with pain
HNP Therapeutic Modalities - correct answerbedrest up to 3 days
PT
activity restriction
HNP Medication treatment - correct answerAnalgesics
Muscle Relaxers
Anti-inflammatory
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST UPDATE
Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis - correct answerautoimmune
genetically predisposed
infectious trigger
Presentation of RA vs. OA - correct answeruniform joint space narrowing*
quick progressing
inflammatory process
pannus formation
periods of exacerbation & remissions
Clinical Presentation of RA & describe stiffness - correct answermorning stiffness
that lasts around 4 hours
erosions of MPJ , PIP joints
Medications to treat RA - correct answerNSAIDs @ first
DMARDs (Methotrexate, Leflunomide)
,Steroids - used cautiously b/c of immunosuppressive effects
TNF blockers "-mabs", "cepts"
Management of RA - correct answerRoM exercises
strength/endurance exercises
splints
Therapeutic use of heat/cold
Surgery
Diagnosis of RA - correct answerxray - shows bony erosions in metacarpal and
metatarsal heads
Labs to diagnose RA - correct answerCRP
Rheumatoid factor
Osteoarthritis description - correct answerSlow
Non-inflammatory
osteophyte formation
OA prevalence - correct answer>50 y/o
women more than men
OA Diagnostic Tests - correct answerNo specific test to diagnose
x-ray - joint space narrowing, osteophytes, degenerative cysts
OA Diagnostic Labs - correct answerESR - elevated markedly
Synovial fluid assay - fluid is clear/yellow
WBC is low - synovial fluid
Glucose level equals pt serum glucose
,OA Clinical Presentation - correct answerMorning stiffness - lasts about 30 minutes
Heberden's Nodes - DIP Joint
Bouchards Nodes - PIP Joint
OA Therapeutic Modalities - correct answerExercise programs - low
impact/strengthening
Weight loss
Ice/Heat
Spints/braces/assistive devices
Massage/biofeedback
OA Medications for treatment - correct answerAcetaminophen - high dose
Aspririn/NSAIDs
Glucosamine/Chondroitin
Joint Steroid Injections
Topical/Capsaicin cream
Kyphosis - correct answerAnterior curvature of spine
"C"
Scoliosis - correct answerabnormal lateral curvature of the spine
"S" shape
Radicular pain - correct answerreferred pain from pressure on a spinal nerve root
Degenerative Disc Diseases - correct answerpremature aging of one or more
lumbar intervertebral discs w/low back pain
, Degenerative Disc Disease progresses to what? - correct answerHerniated Nucleus
Pulposus
Presentation of HNP - correct answerRadicular symptoms:
LE pain, numbness, and/or dysesthesia
decreased ARoM
muscle weakness
DTR diminished or absent
HNP/DDD back pain increases with what? - correct answerprolonged sitting/driving
sneezing, coughing
valsalva maneuver
HNP/DDD patients prefer what position? - correct answerstanding or lying down
What exam tests diagnoses HNP? - correct answerStraight Leg Raising Test
Straight Leg Raise Test - correct answertest often performed to determine whether
a patient with low back pain has:
disc pathology or nerve root irritation.
positive with pain
HNP Therapeutic Modalities - correct answerbedrest up to 3 days
PT
activity restriction
HNP Medication treatment - correct answerAnalgesics
Muscle Relaxers
Anti-inflammatory
