WGU D236 PATHO- MEGAN/SHAY’S STUDY
GUIDES EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+
What yis ythe yprimary ydeterminant yof yoncotic ypressure? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yAlbumin
Form yof yosmotic ypressure yexerted yby yproteins y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yOncotic yPressure
What yis ythe ydifference ybetween yadult yand ychild yimmunity? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yNaive yT yCells
Fluid yand yelectrolyte ylevels yare yregulated yby y_________________, ywhich yregulates yactions ysuch
yas ythirst, yADH, y the ykidneys, yand yRAAS. y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yOsmoreceptors
What yare ythe ycauses yof ydehydration? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y#Excessive yloss
#Inadequate yintake
#Both
What ys/sx yare yassociated ywith ydehydration? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y#Dry ymucous ymembranes
#Decreased yskin yturgor
#Decreased yurine youtput
#Low yblood ypressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak yheart yrate
#Confusion
GRADED A+
,A ypatient ywith ya yviral yillness yand ysevere yvomiting yhas yan yelevated yCO2 ylevel yand ypH yof y7.53. yShe
yis ybreathing yslowly. yWhat ycondition ydoes yshe yhave? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yMetabolic yalkalosis
The ypatient's ypH yand yCO2 ylevels yare yboth yelevated y(moving yin ythe ysame ydirection). yThis
yindicates ymetabolic yalkalosis. yThe yCO2 ylevel yis yhigh ybecause yher yrespiratory ysystem yis
yattempting yto ycompensate yfor ythe yhigh ypH yby yexhaling yless yand yretaining ymore yCO2.
Normal yCO2 ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y35-45
Normal ypH ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y7.35-7.45
Normal yHCO3 ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y22-26
Michael's ypulmonary yedema yleads yto yrespiratory yacidosis. yHow ydoes ypH yimpact yMichael's ybasal
ymetabolic ypanel? yChoose y3 yanswers.
His yCO2 ylevel yis yincreased ybecause yhis ylungs yhave ydifficulty yremoving yit yfrom ythe ybloodstream.
His ycalcium ylevel yis yreduced ybecause ythe yelevated yconcentration yof yH+ ymakes yit yeasier yfor yCa+
yto ybind yto yalbumin.
His yCO2 ylevel yis ydecreased ybecause yhis ylungs yhave ydifficulty yadding yit yinto ythe ybloodstream.
His ysodium ylevel yis ydecreased ydue yto yhypervolemia.
His yK+ yis yelevated ybecause, yas yH+ ymoves yinside yof ycells yin yan yattempt yto yget yit yout yof ythe
ybloodstream, yK+ ymoves yfrom ycells yinto ythe ybloodstream. y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yHis yCO2 ylevel yis
yincreased ybecause yhis ylungs yhave ydifficulty yremoving yit yfrom ythe ybloodstream.
GRADED A+
,His ysodium ylevel yis ydecreased ydue yto yhypervolemia.
His yK+ yis yelevated ybecause, yas yH+ ymoves yinside yof ycells yin yan yattempt yto yget yit yout yof ythe
ybloodstream, yK+ ymoves yfrom ycells yinto ythe ybloodstream.
A yhormone ypanel ywas ydone yon ya ypatient ywith ycongestive yheart yfailure yand yfluid yvolume
yoverload. yWhich yelevated yhormone yon ythe ypatient's ychart yis yindicative yof ythe ybody's yattempt yto
yreduce ythe yfluid yoverload?
Antidiuretic yhormone y(ADH)
Brain ynatriuretic ypeptide y(BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yBNP
BNP yis yreleased ywhen yfluid yvolume yexcess yis ypresent.
Normal ysodium ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y135-145
Hyponatremia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yNa y< y135
Loss yof yenergy yor yfatigue
Nausea yand yvomiting
Headache
Confusion
GRADED A+
, Muscle yspasms
Low yblood ypressure
Dark yscanty yurine
Irritability, ydisorientation yand yneurological ymanifestations
Seizures
Hypernatremia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yNa y> y145
Excessive ythirst
Extreme yfatigue
Confusion
Muscle ytwitching yor yspasms
Restlessness
Seizures
Normal ypotassium ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y3.5-5.0
Hypokalemia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yK y< y3.5
#Muscle yfatigue/cramping
#Nausea, yvomiting, yconstipation
#Cardiac ydysrhythmias
#Paresthesia y(numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yK y> y5.0
Muscle yweakness/paralysis
GRADED A+
GUIDES EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+
What yis ythe yprimary ydeterminant yof yoncotic ypressure? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yAlbumin
Form yof yosmotic ypressure yexerted yby yproteins y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yOncotic yPressure
What yis ythe ydifference ybetween yadult yand ychild yimmunity? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yNaive yT yCells
Fluid yand yelectrolyte ylevels yare yregulated yby y_________________, ywhich yregulates yactions ysuch
yas ythirst, yADH, y the ykidneys, yand yRAAS. y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yOsmoreceptors
What yare ythe ycauses yof ydehydration? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y#Excessive yloss
#Inadequate yintake
#Both
What ys/sx yare yassociated ywith ydehydration? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y#Dry ymucous ymembranes
#Decreased yskin yturgor
#Decreased yurine youtput
#Low yblood ypressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak yheart yrate
#Confusion
GRADED A+
,A ypatient ywith ya yviral yillness yand ysevere yvomiting yhas yan yelevated yCO2 ylevel yand ypH yof y7.53. yShe
yis ybreathing yslowly. yWhat ycondition ydoes yshe yhave? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yMetabolic yalkalosis
The ypatient's ypH yand yCO2 ylevels yare yboth yelevated y(moving yin ythe ysame ydirection). yThis
yindicates ymetabolic yalkalosis. yThe yCO2 ylevel yis yhigh ybecause yher yrespiratory ysystem yis
yattempting yto ycompensate yfor ythe yhigh ypH yby yexhaling yless yand yretaining ymore yCO2.
Normal yCO2 ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y35-45
Normal ypH ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y7.35-7.45
Normal yHCO3 ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y22-26
Michael's ypulmonary yedema yleads yto yrespiratory yacidosis. yHow ydoes ypH yimpact yMichael's ybasal
ymetabolic ypanel? yChoose y3 yanswers.
His yCO2 ylevel yis yincreased ybecause yhis ylungs yhave ydifficulty yremoving yit yfrom ythe ybloodstream.
His ycalcium ylevel yis yreduced ybecause ythe yelevated yconcentration yof yH+ ymakes yit yeasier yfor yCa+
yto ybind yto yalbumin.
His yCO2 ylevel yis ydecreased ybecause yhis ylungs yhave ydifficulty yadding yit yinto ythe ybloodstream.
His ysodium ylevel yis ydecreased ydue yto yhypervolemia.
His yK+ yis yelevated ybecause, yas yH+ ymoves yinside yof ycells yin yan yattempt yto yget yit yout yof ythe
ybloodstream, yK+ ymoves yfrom ycells yinto ythe ybloodstream. y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yHis yCO2 ylevel yis
yincreased ybecause yhis ylungs yhave ydifficulty yremoving yit yfrom ythe ybloodstream.
GRADED A+
,His ysodium ylevel yis ydecreased ydue yto yhypervolemia.
His yK+ yis yelevated ybecause, yas yH+ ymoves yinside yof ycells yin yan yattempt yto yget yit yout yof ythe
ybloodstream, yK+ ymoves yfrom ycells yinto ythe ybloodstream.
A yhormone ypanel ywas ydone yon ya ypatient ywith ycongestive yheart yfailure yand yfluid yvolume
yoverload. yWhich yelevated yhormone yon ythe ypatient's ychart yis yindicative yof ythe ybody's yattempt yto
yreduce ythe yfluid yoverload?
Antidiuretic yhormone y(ADH)
Brain ynatriuretic ypeptide y(BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yBNP
BNP yis yreleased ywhen yfluid yvolume yexcess yis ypresent.
Normal ysodium ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y135-145
Hyponatremia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yNa y< y135
Loss yof yenergy yor yfatigue
Nausea yand yvomiting
Headache
Confusion
GRADED A+
, Muscle yspasms
Low yblood ypressure
Dark yscanty yurine
Irritability, ydisorientation yand yneurological ymanifestations
Seizures
Hypernatremia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yNa y> y145
Excessive ythirst
Extreme yfatigue
Confusion
Muscle ytwitching yor yspasms
Restlessness
Seizures
Normal ypotassium ylevel y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y y3.5-5.0
Hypokalemia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yK y< y3.5
#Muscle yfatigue/cramping
#Nausea, yvomiting, yconstipation
#Cardiac ydysrhythmias
#Paresthesia y(numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia yis yindicated yby ywhat ylab yresult? yS/Sx? y y y( ycorrect yanswers y) y yK y> y5.0
Muscle yweakness/paralysis
GRADED A+
