CAPS 390 Final Exam with Guaranteed
Pass Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
What are the three layers that make up the internal tube-based organs of the respiratory,
gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts? - Answer 1.) Mucosa (innermost layer)
2.) Submucosa (middle layer)
3.) Adventitia or Serosa (outer layer)
What makes up the mucosa? What is the origin of these linings? - Answer i) Epithelium lining
the lumen (endodermal)
ii) Lamina Propria: often CT with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)
What makes up the Submucosa? Are there glands? - Answer Mainly CT, also contains glands
Where are the glands in the submucosa derived from? - Answer Glands are derived from the
epithelium of the mucosa
What is the make-up of the adventitia or serosa? - Answer Mainly CT, may contain muscle,
bone or cartilage depending on the location and function of the tube where it is located
Which two systems are embryonically linked? - Answer The respiratory and digestive systems
are embryonically linked
Which 3 germ layers form the trilaminar disk? - Answer 1.) The ectoderm
2.) The mesoderm
3.) The endoderm
What does the Ectoderm give rise to? - Answer Gives rise to epidermis of skin, epithelial
lining of mouth +rectum, sense receptors in epidermis, Nervous system, cornea +eye, tooth
enamel, epithelium of pineal +pituitary glands
What does the Mesoderm give rise to? - Answer - Gives rise to notochord, skeletal system,
muscular system, muscular layer of the stomach, excretory system, circulatory and lymphatic
systems, reproductive system, dermis of skin, lining of body cavity and adrenal cortex
What does the Endoderm give rise to? - Answer - Gives rise to epithelial lining of digestive
tract and resp. system,
- lining of bladder, urethra + reproductive system
,Liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands
How does endoderm development proceed from the trilaminar disk? - Answer - The
endoderm forms as the trilaminar disk folds, which starts forming a tube
Organs form from tube
What are the functions of the Nasal Cavity? What makes it able to perform this function? -
Answer Brings air in and warms it up before reaching your lungs.
Highly vascularized = warms air quickly
The lamina propria of the nasal cavity is highly _______ - Answer Lamina propria is
vasodilatory and vascular, like erectile tissue
What is respiratory epithelium? - Answer Ciliated, pseudostratified with goblet cells.
What clears debris in nasal cavity? - Answer Mucosal goblet cells in the respiratory
epithelium as well as simple mucosal glands of the lamina propria cause mucociliary clearance
along with cilia which beat back towards pharynx
What kind of epithelium merges with the skin at the end of the nose? - Answer Stratified
squamous epithelium
Which layer (mucosa, submucosa, serosa/adventitia) is scarce in the nasal cavity? - Answer
Little submucosa
What is the adventitia of the nasal cavity? - Answer Prominent adventitia. Hyaline cartilage
anteriorly(nose), bone posteriorly (skull)
The nasal cavity is continuous with the _________ - Answer Paranasal sinuses
What is Olfactory Mucosa/epithelium? Where is it located? What is its function? What's in the
lamina propria that traps odorants? What are the support cells? - Answer - For smelling
- In the nasal cavity
- Made up of modified respiratory epithelium with embedded olfactory neurons
- Has supportive sustentacular cells
- Lamina propria contains Bowman's glands which trap odorants
,What are some key structures of the lamina propria in the Nasal cavity? - Answer - Highly
vascular
- Some diffuse MALT
- Simple mucous glands
Describe respiratory epithelium. What does it use to produce mucous? Where do it's cilia beat?
- Answer - Ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- Uses goblet cells to produce mucous
- cilia beat towards throat/pharynx
What are the functions of the oral cavity? - Answer - Chewing, mastication, bolus formation,
deglutition (swallowing)
- Salivary glands hydrate oral cavity and help in bolus creation
What are the three zones of the lip? - Answer - External
- Intermediate
- internal
Describe the external aspect of the lip? What kind of epithelium? - Answer - Connective
tissue dermis
- Hair follicles
- Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
Describe the intermediate/vermillion aspect of the lip. How is its epithelium different to the
external? - Answer - Stratified squamous, no keratin
- Highly vascularized lamina propria
Describe the internal aspect of the lip. What kind of epithelium? What kind of CT makes up the
lamina propria? Where are the mucous glands located?
What is its adventitia? - Answer - Dense irregular CT lamina propria
- Submucosa has mucous glands
- Skeletal muscle adventitia
- Continuous with gingiva (gums)
- Stratified squamous, non keratinized epithelium
Functions of the gingiva (gums)? What kind of epithelium? Lamina propria and submocusa?
Adventitia? - Answer - Surround and encase teeth
, - Protect periodontal ligament via a junctional epithelium collar
- Lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina propria and submucosa are both dense irregular CT with lots of Collagen 1 fibres
Adventitia of bone (upper = maxiula, lower=mandible)
Describe the hard palate. What kind of epithelium does it have? - Answer - Front roof
(anterior) of mouth
- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Adventitia with bone
Describe the soft palate. What kind of epithelium does it have? Is it the same as the hard
palate? What about its adventitia? - Answer - Posterior roof (back) of mouth
- Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Adventitia contains skeletal muscle; blocks nasal cavity during deglutition (swallowing)
- Elevates with uvula during swallowing
What are the mucosal specializations of the tongue? What kind of epithelium do they have?
What kind of CT in the lamina propria? - Answer Papillae with taste buds
- Stratified, keratinized, squamous epithelium
- Dense, irregular CT lamina propria
What is the prominent posterior MALT in the posterior of the tongue/throat? - Answer
Lingual Tonsils
What trap tastant in the papillae for the taste buds? - Answer Submucosal serous/bowman's
glands
What does the adventitial skeletal muscle of the tongue do? - Answer Manipulates bolus
movement for deglutition (swallowing)
Which layer is the front of the tongue derived from? What about the back? - Answer Front
derived from ectoderm
Back derived from endoderm
Describe gingivitis? What are its effects on the lamina propria? - Answer - Red+swollen at
junction between teeth and gums
- Chronic inflammation in lamina propria.
Pass Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
What are the three layers that make up the internal tube-based organs of the respiratory,
gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts? - Answer 1.) Mucosa (innermost layer)
2.) Submucosa (middle layer)
3.) Adventitia or Serosa (outer layer)
What makes up the mucosa? What is the origin of these linings? - Answer i) Epithelium lining
the lumen (endodermal)
ii) Lamina Propria: often CT with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)
What makes up the Submucosa? Are there glands? - Answer Mainly CT, also contains glands
Where are the glands in the submucosa derived from? - Answer Glands are derived from the
epithelium of the mucosa
What is the make-up of the adventitia or serosa? - Answer Mainly CT, may contain muscle,
bone or cartilage depending on the location and function of the tube where it is located
Which two systems are embryonically linked? - Answer The respiratory and digestive systems
are embryonically linked
Which 3 germ layers form the trilaminar disk? - Answer 1.) The ectoderm
2.) The mesoderm
3.) The endoderm
What does the Ectoderm give rise to? - Answer Gives rise to epidermis of skin, epithelial
lining of mouth +rectum, sense receptors in epidermis, Nervous system, cornea +eye, tooth
enamel, epithelium of pineal +pituitary glands
What does the Mesoderm give rise to? - Answer - Gives rise to notochord, skeletal system,
muscular system, muscular layer of the stomach, excretory system, circulatory and lymphatic
systems, reproductive system, dermis of skin, lining of body cavity and adrenal cortex
What does the Endoderm give rise to? - Answer - Gives rise to epithelial lining of digestive
tract and resp. system,
- lining of bladder, urethra + reproductive system
,Liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands
How does endoderm development proceed from the trilaminar disk? - Answer - The
endoderm forms as the trilaminar disk folds, which starts forming a tube
Organs form from tube
What are the functions of the Nasal Cavity? What makes it able to perform this function? -
Answer Brings air in and warms it up before reaching your lungs.
Highly vascularized = warms air quickly
The lamina propria of the nasal cavity is highly _______ - Answer Lamina propria is
vasodilatory and vascular, like erectile tissue
What is respiratory epithelium? - Answer Ciliated, pseudostratified with goblet cells.
What clears debris in nasal cavity? - Answer Mucosal goblet cells in the respiratory
epithelium as well as simple mucosal glands of the lamina propria cause mucociliary clearance
along with cilia which beat back towards pharynx
What kind of epithelium merges with the skin at the end of the nose? - Answer Stratified
squamous epithelium
Which layer (mucosa, submucosa, serosa/adventitia) is scarce in the nasal cavity? - Answer
Little submucosa
What is the adventitia of the nasal cavity? - Answer Prominent adventitia. Hyaline cartilage
anteriorly(nose), bone posteriorly (skull)
The nasal cavity is continuous with the _________ - Answer Paranasal sinuses
What is Olfactory Mucosa/epithelium? Where is it located? What is its function? What's in the
lamina propria that traps odorants? What are the support cells? - Answer - For smelling
- In the nasal cavity
- Made up of modified respiratory epithelium with embedded olfactory neurons
- Has supportive sustentacular cells
- Lamina propria contains Bowman's glands which trap odorants
,What are some key structures of the lamina propria in the Nasal cavity? - Answer - Highly
vascular
- Some diffuse MALT
- Simple mucous glands
Describe respiratory epithelium. What does it use to produce mucous? Where do it's cilia beat?
- Answer - Ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- Uses goblet cells to produce mucous
- cilia beat towards throat/pharynx
What are the functions of the oral cavity? - Answer - Chewing, mastication, bolus formation,
deglutition (swallowing)
- Salivary glands hydrate oral cavity and help in bolus creation
What are the three zones of the lip? - Answer - External
- Intermediate
- internal
Describe the external aspect of the lip? What kind of epithelium? - Answer - Connective
tissue dermis
- Hair follicles
- Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
Describe the intermediate/vermillion aspect of the lip. How is its epithelium different to the
external? - Answer - Stratified squamous, no keratin
- Highly vascularized lamina propria
Describe the internal aspect of the lip. What kind of epithelium? What kind of CT makes up the
lamina propria? Where are the mucous glands located?
What is its adventitia? - Answer - Dense irregular CT lamina propria
- Submucosa has mucous glands
- Skeletal muscle adventitia
- Continuous with gingiva (gums)
- Stratified squamous, non keratinized epithelium
Functions of the gingiva (gums)? What kind of epithelium? Lamina propria and submocusa?
Adventitia? - Answer - Surround and encase teeth
, - Protect periodontal ligament via a junctional epithelium collar
- Lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina propria and submucosa are both dense irregular CT with lots of Collagen 1 fibres
Adventitia of bone (upper = maxiula, lower=mandible)
Describe the hard palate. What kind of epithelium does it have? - Answer - Front roof
(anterior) of mouth
- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Adventitia with bone
Describe the soft palate. What kind of epithelium does it have? Is it the same as the hard
palate? What about its adventitia? - Answer - Posterior roof (back) of mouth
- Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Adventitia contains skeletal muscle; blocks nasal cavity during deglutition (swallowing)
- Elevates with uvula during swallowing
What are the mucosal specializations of the tongue? What kind of epithelium do they have?
What kind of CT in the lamina propria? - Answer Papillae with taste buds
- Stratified, keratinized, squamous epithelium
- Dense, irregular CT lamina propria
What is the prominent posterior MALT in the posterior of the tongue/throat? - Answer
Lingual Tonsils
What trap tastant in the papillae for the taste buds? - Answer Submucosal serous/bowman's
glands
What does the adventitial skeletal muscle of the tongue do? - Answer Manipulates bolus
movement for deglutition (swallowing)
Which layer is the front of the tongue derived from? What about the back? - Answer Front
derived from ectoderm
Back derived from endoderm
Describe gingivitis? What are its effects on the lamina propria? - Answer - Red+swollen at
junction between teeth and gums
- Chronic inflammation in lamina propria.
