CAPS 390 - Roskelly Post Midterm
Exam Questions with Guaranteed
Pass Solutions Graded A+.
When are we likely to see an increase in mature WBC? What are the mature WBC? - Answer
When there is a chronic infection
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes
What would cause an increase in immature WBC in the blood? What are the immature WBC? -
Answer An increase is caused by leukemia
Leads to increase in immature blast cells
What is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) characterized by visually? - Answer Normally
when you conduct a peripheral blood smear the RBC > WBC, but CML is characterized by many
immature WBC (granulocytes, progenitors and myeloblasts) crowding out the RBC and
ultimately decreasing their funcitonality
What is CML caused by? What is the dysfunctional kinase? What causes the kinase to always be
on? What is the normal activator of the kinase? - Answer CML is caused by the fusion of
chromosomes 9 and 22 which causes the ABL kinase to always be on.
The kinase is activated through dimerization via the tyrosine kinase receptor pathways when
the chromosomes fuse leading to hyperproliferation of myeoblasts which give rise to
granulocytes and cause tumor formation.
The normal activator of the kinase is SCF, which would need to be present to cause the
proliferation
What is the medication used to treat CML? What does it do? - Answer Gleevac is able to
inhibit the ABL kinase stopping the hyperproliferation
What is hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis? How many stages is this process? - Answer The
process of producing blood cells
This process is four stages
,Which of the stages of of hematopoiesis are early pre-natal life and which are late pre-natal
life/post natal? - Answer 1-3
4
What is the first stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Embryonic/Mesoblastic stage in the yolk
sac and embryonic mesoderm
What is the second stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Early fetal/hepatic stage in the liver
What is the third stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Mid-fetal/Splenic stage in the spleen
What happens in the fourth stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Late fetal/postnatal/myeloid
stage which occurs in the bone marrow.
Where are hematopoietic stem cells found throughout our life? Where can they be found under
extreme stress? - Answer Found in the bone marrow, but under extreme stress they are able
to be found in the liver and the spleen
What is the path of the site of blood cell production throughout pre-natal development? -
Answer Yolk sac and embryonic mesoderm
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow
What is another name for hematopoietic stem cells? - Answer Hematocytoblasts
What is the normal state of HSC? What can they be induced to do? - Answer Non-
proliferative, but still multipotent
Can be induced to proliferate and to self-renew
How does the potency of stem cells change as differentiation occurs? - Answer Decreases
, Where are HSC found? - Answer Found in hematopoietic cords (cell clusters) in the bone
marrow that are highly vascular loose connective tissue
What two types of progenitors can HSC's be induced to generate? - Answer Myeloid lineage
and lymphoid lineage progenitors
What do myeloid lineage progenitors differentiate into? - Answer granulocytes (basophil,
neutrophil and eosinophil), erythrocytes, monocytes, mast cells and megakaryocytes
What do lymphoid lineage progenitors differentiate into? - Answer B and T lymphocytes as
well as natural killer cells
How do lineage progenitors generate fully differentiated blood cells? - Answer They are
induced to differentiate down individual lineages by generating lineage-restricted blast cells that
can undergo a few proliferative cycles before making fully differentiated blood cells. (losing
potency)
What cell types are found in hematopoietic cords in the bone marrow? - Answer HSC lineage
progenitors, balsts, developing RBC and stromal cells
What are the general components of the hematopoietic cords in the bone marrow? - Answer
Spongy bone (spiculues/trabecule)
Venous sinusoids where capillaries allow movement of cells in and out
Cells of the hematopoietic cord
What are stromal cells? What is an example of a stromal cell? What is their funciton? - Answer
Supportive cells in the connective tissue
Fibroblasts modified as reticular cells with long processes that contact HSC and modified
osteoblasts
They interact with blood cells via cell adhesions and release factors to guide them to
differentiate
Describe hematopoietic cords in terms of the characteristics of connective tissue that it
resembles - Answer Specialized loose connective tissue with many cells, low ECM and a high
degree of vascularization
Exam Questions with Guaranteed
Pass Solutions Graded A+.
When are we likely to see an increase in mature WBC? What are the mature WBC? - Answer
When there is a chronic infection
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes
What would cause an increase in immature WBC in the blood? What are the immature WBC? -
Answer An increase is caused by leukemia
Leads to increase in immature blast cells
What is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) characterized by visually? - Answer Normally
when you conduct a peripheral blood smear the RBC > WBC, but CML is characterized by many
immature WBC (granulocytes, progenitors and myeloblasts) crowding out the RBC and
ultimately decreasing their funcitonality
What is CML caused by? What is the dysfunctional kinase? What causes the kinase to always be
on? What is the normal activator of the kinase? - Answer CML is caused by the fusion of
chromosomes 9 and 22 which causes the ABL kinase to always be on.
The kinase is activated through dimerization via the tyrosine kinase receptor pathways when
the chromosomes fuse leading to hyperproliferation of myeoblasts which give rise to
granulocytes and cause tumor formation.
The normal activator of the kinase is SCF, which would need to be present to cause the
proliferation
What is the medication used to treat CML? What does it do? - Answer Gleevac is able to
inhibit the ABL kinase stopping the hyperproliferation
What is hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis? How many stages is this process? - Answer The
process of producing blood cells
This process is four stages
,Which of the stages of of hematopoiesis are early pre-natal life and which are late pre-natal
life/post natal? - Answer 1-3
4
What is the first stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Embryonic/Mesoblastic stage in the yolk
sac and embryonic mesoderm
What is the second stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Early fetal/hepatic stage in the liver
What is the third stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Mid-fetal/Splenic stage in the spleen
What happens in the fourth stage of hematopoiesis? - Answer Late fetal/postnatal/myeloid
stage which occurs in the bone marrow.
Where are hematopoietic stem cells found throughout our life? Where can they be found under
extreme stress? - Answer Found in the bone marrow, but under extreme stress they are able
to be found in the liver and the spleen
What is the path of the site of blood cell production throughout pre-natal development? -
Answer Yolk sac and embryonic mesoderm
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow
What is another name for hematopoietic stem cells? - Answer Hematocytoblasts
What is the normal state of HSC? What can they be induced to do? - Answer Non-
proliferative, but still multipotent
Can be induced to proliferate and to self-renew
How does the potency of stem cells change as differentiation occurs? - Answer Decreases
, Where are HSC found? - Answer Found in hematopoietic cords (cell clusters) in the bone
marrow that are highly vascular loose connective tissue
What two types of progenitors can HSC's be induced to generate? - Answer Myeloid lineage
and lymphoid lineage progenitors
What do myeloid lineage progenitors differentiate into? - Answer granulocytes (basophil,
neutrophil and eosinophil), erythrocytes, monocytes, mast cells and megakaryocytes
What do lymphoid lineage progenitors differentiate into? - Answer B and T lymphocytes as
well as natural killer cells
How do lineage progenitors generate fully differentiated blood cells? - Answer They are
induced to differentiate down individual lineages by generating lineage-restricted blast cells that
can undergo a few proliferative cycles before making fully differentiated blood cells. (losing
potency)
What cell types are found in hematopoietic cords in the bone marrow? - Answer HSC lineage
progenitors, balsts, developing RBC and stromal cells
What are the general components of the hematopoietic cords in the bone marrow? - Answer
Spongy bone (spiculues/trabecule)
Venous sinusoids where capillaries allow movement of cells in and out
Cells of the hematopoietic cord
What are stromal cells? What is an example of a stromal cell? What is their funciton? - Answer
Supportive cells in the connective tissue
Fibroblasts modified as reticular cells with long processes that contact HSC and modified
osteoblasts
They interact with blood cells via cell adhesions and release factors to guide them to
differentiate
Describe hematopoietic cords in terms of the characteristics of connective tissue that it
resembles - Answer Specialized loose connective tissue with many cells, low ECM and a high
degree of vascularization
