NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_je156g
1. Acute renal failure Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indi-
cates that kidneys are functioning well
2. Acute Diagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging
3. Renal Calculi (Re- Goals of Treatment:
nal Stones) Manage acute pain
Promote passage of stone
Reduce size of stone
Prevent new stone formation
4. Chronic Renal Fail- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function associated
ure with systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (most significant
risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or intrinsic kidney disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
5. Who is a candi- End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the number one
date for dialysis? cause being diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension. At this point, the
patient is completely dependent on dialysis to survive.
CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather than
symptoms.
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present:
--Metabolic acidosis.
--Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-waves)
is an indication for dialysis. --Hyperkalemia by itself is not an indication for
, NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_je156g
dialysis.
--Drug toxicity: Drug toxicity due to the following drugs is an indication for dialysis
and include salicylates, Lithium, Isopropanol, Methanol and Ethylene glycol).
--Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
--Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
6. Stage I CKD There is kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR
90-120
7. Stage II CKD There is kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
60-89
8. Stage III CKD There is a moderate decrease in GFR
30-59
9. Stage IV CKD There is a severe decrease in GFR
15-29
10. Stage V CKD Kidney failure- End-stage renal disease
<15 (dialysis) Once Stage IV is reached, progression to Stage V is inevitable as
well as dialysis or kidney transplant
11. Complications of Anemia
Decreased GFR Hypertension
Decreased calcium absorption
Hyperlipidemia
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fluid volume overload
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_je156g
1. Acute renal failure Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indi-
cates that kidneys are functioning well
2. Acute Diagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging
3. Renal Calculi (Re- Goals of Treatment:
nal Stones) Manage acute pain
Promote passage of stone
Reduce size of stone
Prevent new stone formation
4. Chronic Renal Fail- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function associated
ure with systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (most significant
risk factor), systemic lupus erythematosus or intrinsic kidney disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
5. Who is a candi- End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the number one
date for dialysis? cause being diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension. At this point, the
patient is completely dependent on dialysis to survive.
CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather than
symptoms.
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present:
--Metabolic acidosis.
--Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-waves)
is an indication for dialysis. --Hyperkalemia by itself is not an indication for
, NR507- Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_je156g
dialysis.
--Drug toxicity: Drug toxicity due to the following drugs is an indication for dialysis
and include salicylates, Lithium, Isopropanol, Methanol and Ethylene glycol).
--Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
--Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
6. Stage I CKD There is kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR
90-120
7. Stage II CKD There is kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
60-89
8. Stage III CKD There is a moderate decrease in GFR
30-59
9. Stage IV CKD There is a severe decrease in GFR
15-29
10. Stage V CKD Kidney failure- End-stage renal disease
<15 (dialysis) Once Stage IV is reached, progression to Stage V is inevitable as
well as dialysis or kidney transplant
11. Complications of Anemia
Decreased GFR Hypertension
Decreased calcium absorption
Hyperlipidemia
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fluid volume overload
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
