NSG533 / NSG 533 EXAM 1
Advanced Pharmacology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
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Grade A+ Wilkes
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Expert-Verified explanation
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1/11
,### 1. What are the current 4 different diagnostic criteria for diabetes in nonpregnant adults?
Answers:
- Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL at 2 hours
- A1c ≥ 6.5%
- Random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL AND classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis (polyuria, polydipsia,
or unexplained weight loss)
Rationale:
These criteria are endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and are based on thresholds where risk of
complications rises. Each measure reflects different aspects of glucose homeostasis. The combination of glucose and
symptoms in the random test further increases diagnostic reliability.
---
### 2. Which of the diagnostic tests are currently recommended to use as screening tests?
Answers:
A1c, FPG, or the 2-hour 75-gram anhydrous OGTT.
Rationale:
These tests are non-invasive, standardized, and convenient for population screening. They detect both diabetes and
prediabetes in asymptomatic individuals.
---
### 3. Are there specific clinical conditions/comorbidities that would make A1c testing less accurate (and, therefore,
less desirable to use)?
Answers:
A1c may not be accurate in patients with anemias or hemoglobinopathies.
Plasma blood glucoses (rather than A1c) should be used to diagnose the acute onset of type 1 diabetes in persons with
symptoms of hyperglycemia.
2/11
, Rationale:
A1c reflects glycation of hemoglobin, so any condition affecting red cell turnover (hemolytic anemia,
hemoglobinopathies, recent transfusions) compromises accuracy. Acute hyperglycemia develops too quickly to be
reflected by an A1c.
---
### 4. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in asymptomatic adults?
Answers:
- Test all adults beginning at age 45 years, regardless of their weight.
- Testing is also recommended for adults of any age who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and have additional risk
factors.
- If results are normal, it is "reasonable" to test again at 3-year intervals and consider more frequent testing depending
on initial results and risk status (per ADA guidance).
Rationale:
Age and BMI are the main risk factors, but earlier testing in high-risk individuals allows earlier detection and
intervention, reducing complications.
---
### 5. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in asymptomatic children?
Answers:
- Overweight/obesity (BMI or weight >85th percentile) or weight >120% of ideal for height
- WITH additional risk factors:
- maternal GDM
- family history of T2DM
- high-risk ethnicity
- signs of insulin resistance or disorders associated with insulin resistance
Rationale:
Children typically present with type 2 only when multiple risk factors are present. Early screening is critical because
3/11
Advanced Pharmacology - Wilkes
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
Grade A+ Wilkes
100% Guarantee Pass.
Each Question Includes The Correct Answer
Expert-Verified explanation
---
1/11
,### 1. What are the current 4 different diagnostic criteria for diabetes in nonpregnant adults?
Answers:
- Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL at 2 hours
- A1c ≥ 6.5%
- Random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL AND classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis (polyuria, polydipsia,
or unexplained weight loss)
Rationale:
These criteria are endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and are based on thresholds where risk of
complications rises. Each measure reflects different aspects of glucose homeostasis. The combination of glucose and
symptoms in the random test further increases diagnostic reliability.
---
### 2. Which of the diagnostic tests are currently recommended to use as screening tests?
Answers:
A1c, FPG, or the 2-hour 75-gram anhydrous OGTT.
Rationale:
These tests are non-invasive, standardized, and convenient for population screening. They detect both diabetes and
prediabetes in asymptomatic individuals.
---
### 3. Are there specific clinical conditions/comorbidities that would make A1c testing less accurate (and, therefore,
less desirable to use)?
Answers:
A1c may not be accurate in patients with anemias or hemoglobinopathies.
Plasma blood glucoses (rather than A1c) should be used to diagnose the acute onset of type 1 diabetes in persons with
symptoms of hyperglycemia.
2/11
, Rationale:
A1c reflects glycation of hemoglobin, so any condition affecting red cell turnover (hemolytic anemia,
hemoglobinopathies, recent transfusions) compromises accuracy. Acute hyperglycemia develops too quickly to be
reflected by an A1c.
---
### 4. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in asymptomatic adults?
Answers:
- Test all adults beginning at age 45 years, regardless of their weight.
- Testing is also recommended for adults of any age who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and have additional risk
factors.
- If results are normal, it is "reasonable" to test again at 3-year intervals and consider more frequent testing depending
on initial results and risk status (per ADA guidance).
Rationale:
Age and BMI are the main risk factors, but earlier testing in high-risk individuals allows earlier detection and
intervention, reducing complications.
---
### 5. What are the recommended criteria for testing for prediabetes or diabetes in asymptomatic children?
Answers:
- Overweight/obesity (BMI or weight >85th percentile) or weight >120% of ideal for height
- WITH additional risk factors:
- maternal GDM
- family history of T2DM
- high-risk ethnicity
- signs of insulin resistance or disorders associated with insulin resistance
Rationale:
Children typically present with type 2 only when multiple risk factors are present. Early screening is critical because
3/11
