NR 328 Pediatric Nursing Exam 8 Practice 2026 |Chamberlain College
1. A nurse is assessing an infant with pyloric stenosis. Which finding should the
nurse expect?
A. Projectile vomiting
B. Currant jelly-like stools
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Bile-stained vomitus
Answer: A
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by non-bilious projectile vomiting due to the
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of intussusception?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Painless rectal bleeding
C. Steatorrhea
D. Olive-shaped mass in the RUQ
Answer: A
Rationale: Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction where the stool mixed with blood
and mucus creates a ‘currant jelly’ appearance.
,3. A child is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse observes the child
squatting. This position helps by:
A. Decreasing pulmonary blood flow
B. Decreasing right-to-left shunting
C. Increasing systemic vascular resistance
D. Decreasing venous return from the lower extremities
Answer: C
Rationale: Squatting increases systemic vascular resistance, which decreases the right-to-
left shunt and improves oxygenation.
4. In a child with suspected epiglottitis, which action is contraindicated?
A. Starting an IV line
B. Preparing for intubation
C. Administering humidified oxygen
D. Visualizing the throat with a tongue depressor
Answer: D
Rationale: Using a tongue depressor can trigger a laryngospasm and completely obstruct
the airway in a child with epiglottitis.
5. What is the definitive diagnostic test for Cystic Fibrosis?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Sweat chloride test
C. Fecal fat analysis
D. Sputum culture
Answer: B
Rationale: A sweat chloride level greater than 60 mEq/L is diagnostic for Cystic Fibrosis.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a child with Hirschsprung’s disease. Which stool
characteristic is expected?
A. Loose, watery stools
B. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
C. Bloody stools
D. Hard, marble-like stools
Answer: B
Rationale: Hirschsprung’s disease involves an aganglionic segment of the colon, resulting
in ribbon-like stools due to the passing through a narrow segment.
7. Which medication is the treatment of choice for Kawasaki Disease during the
acute phase?
A. Aspirin and IVIG
B. Prednisone
C. Warfarin
D. Ibuprofen
Answer: A
Rationale: High-dose Aspirin and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) are used to reduce
inflammation and prevent coronary artery aneurysms.
8. A toddler is admitted with Celiac Disease. Which food should be avoided?
A. Wheat
B. Corn
C. Rice
D. Potatoes
Answer: A
Rationale: Celiac disease requires a gluten-free diet, meaning no wheat, barley, or rye.
1. A nurse is assessing an infant with pyloric stenosis. Which finding should the
nurse expect?
A. Projectile vomiting
B. Currant jelly-like stools
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Bile-stained vomitus
Answer: A
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by non-bilious projectile vomiting due to the
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of intussusception?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Painless rectal bleeding
C. Steatorrhea
D. Olive-shaped mass in the RUQ
Answer: A
Rationale: Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction where the stool mixed with blood
and mucus creates a ‘currant jelly’ appearance.
,3. A child is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse observes the child
squatting. This position helps by:
A. Decreasing pulmonary blood flow
B. Decreasing right-to-left shunting
C. Increasing systemic vascular resistance
D. Decreasing venous return from the lower extremities
Answer: C
Rationale: Squatting increases systemic vascular resistance, which decreases the right-to-
left shunt and improves oxygenation.
4. In a child with suspected epiglottitis, which action is contraindicated?
A. Starting an IV line
B. Preparing for intubation
C. Administering humidified oxygen
D. Visualizing the throat with a tongue depressor
Answer: D
Rationale: Using a tongue depressor can trigger a laryngospasm and completely obstruct
the airway in a child with epiglottitis.
5. What is the definitive diagnostic test for Cystic Fibrosis?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Sweat chloride test
C. Fecal fat analysis
D. Sputum culture
Answer: B
Rationale: A sweat chloride level greater than 60 mEq/L is diagnostic for Cystic Fibrosis.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a child with Hirschsprung’s disease. Which stool
characteristic is expected?
A. Loose, watery stools
B. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
C. Bloody stools
D. Hard, marble-like stools
Answer: B
Rationale: Hirschsprung’s disease involves an aganglionic segment of the colon, resulting
in ribbon-like stools due to the passing through a narrow segment.
7. Which medication is the treatment of choice for Kawasaki Disease during the
acute phase?
A. Aspirin and IVIG
B. Prednisone
C. Warfarin
D. Ibuprofen
Answer: A
Rationale: High-dose Aspirin and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) are used to reduce
inflammation and prevent coronary artery aneurysms.
8. A toddler is admitted with Celiac Disease. Which food should be avoided?
A. Wheat
B. Corn
C. Rice
D. Potatoes
Answer: A
Rationale: Celiac disease requires a gluten-free diet, meaning no wheat, barley, or rye.
