PHI 2000 INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS
FINAL EXAM| Sophia Course &
Capella-Sophia Ethics Milestones |
Fall 2026 Complete Test Bank Pass
Guaranteed A+ Graded
1.) Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy?
Philosophy is useful as a tool to justify personal opinions.
Philosophy defends what is traditional in society.
Philosophy improves understanding of argumentation.
Philosophy maintains society's collective memory.
Rationale: One of the core benefits of studying philosophy is that
it sharpens your ability to construct, analyze, and evaluate
arguments. This skill is central to philosophical inquiry and helps
in all areas of reasoning.
2.) Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette,
and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to law.
Beth approves of same-sex marriage, but her mother says it is a
sin.
, Don masks his income to avoid paying income taxes for
twenty years.
Kendra neglects to RSVP to an invitation to a close friend’s small
wedding.
Grandpa always chews with his mouth open at family gatherings.
Rationale: Masking income to avoid paying taxes is a legal
violation. While it may also have moral dimensions, the act itself is
prohibited by law, making it an example of a legal topic rather
than a purely ethical or etiquette issue.
3.) Which of the following actions represents the step,
"Identify positions on the question"?
A law student weighs arguments on the interpretation of a
particular law against decisions from the Supreme Court.
A graduate student spends several hours in the library reading
books on a particular ethical issue.
A medical student asks a professor whether a certain drug is
effective against the flu.
An undergraduate argues that funding for school-sponsored
clubs should be based on the number of active members.
Rationale: Identifying positions on a question involves
recognizing and comparing different viewpoints on an issue. The
law student is actively comparing arguments and legal decisions,
which is exactly the process of identifying and weighing positions.
, 4.) Which of the following statements reflects subjectivism?
Dennis says that morality depends on the situation.
Dennis says that morality is a personal choice.
Dennis says that morality is universal.
Dennis says that morality is dictated by a person's culture.
Rationale: Subjectivism holds that moral judgments are based on
individual feelings or personal choices, not on universal rules or
cultural norms. Saying morality is a “personal choice” captures the
core of subjectivist thinking.
5.) Which of the following is a philosophical question?
On average, how many babies are born a day?
What is the average top speed of a cheetah?
How do we define what counts as art?
Would you rather see a movie or a play?
Rationale: A philosophical question is one that cannot be
answered solely through empirical observation or personal
preference. Asking how to define “art” gets at conceptual and
metaphysical issues about meaning, value, and classification.
6.) Because she is a teacher who works with children, Yuki is
required by law to report suspected abuse. One day a student
says that his dad frequently hits him after having a drink.
, Despite the boy's insistence that it's a secret, Yuki informs the
school office, which calls the authorities. Yuki's decision
constitutes a(n) __________ action.
supererogatory
impermissible
obligatory
neutral
Rationale: An obligatory action is one that a person is morally or
legally required to perform. Yuki is required by law to report
suspected abuse, so her action is obligatory, not optional or
supererogatory.
7.) Which of the following statements is an example of
metaethics?
Boy Scouts have a moral obligation to help the elderly cross the
street.
Kantian deontology is the correct ethical theory.
Most people believe in some form of utilitarianism.
Killing whales is always wrong, no matter the reasoning.
Rationale: Metaethics examines the nature, foundations, and
meaning of moral concepts. Claiming that one ethical theory
(Kantian deontology) is “correct” is a metaethical stance about the
truth status of moral theories, rather than a first-order normative
claim.
FINAL EXAM| Sophia Course &
Capella-Sophia Ethics Milestones |
Fall 2026 Complete Test Bank Pass
Guaranteed A+ Graded
1.) Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy?
Philosophy is useful as a tool to justify personal opinions.
Philosophy defends what is traditional in society.
Philosophy improves understanding of argumentation.
Philosophy maintains society's collective memory.
Rationale: One of the core benefits of studying philosophy is that
it sharpens your ability to construct, analyze, and evaluate
arguments. This skill is central to philosophical inquiry and helps
in all areas of reasoning.
2.) Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette,
and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to law.
Beth approves of same-sex marriage, but her mother says it is a
sin.
, Don masks his income to avoid paying income taxes for
twenty years.
Kendra neglects to RSVP to an invitation to a close friend’s small
wedding.
Grandpa always chews with his mouth open at family gatherings.
Rationale: Masking income to avoid paying taxes is a legal
violation. While it may also have moral dimensions, the act itself is
prohibited by law, making it an example of a legal topic rather
than a purely ethical or etiquette issue.
3.) Which of the following actions represents the step,
"Identify positions on the question"?
A law student weighs arguments on the interpretation of a
particular law against decisions from the Supreme Court.
A graduate student spends several hours in the library reading
books on a particular ethical issue.
A medical student asks a professor whether a certain drug is
effective against the flu.
An undergraduate argues that funding for school-sponsored
clubs should be based on the number of active members.
Rationale: Identifying positions on a question involves
recognizing and comparing different viewpoints on an issue. The
law student is actively comparing arguments and legal decisions,
which is exactly the process of identifying and weighing positions.
, 4.) Which of the following statements reflects subjectivism?
Dennis says that morality depends on the situation.
Dennis says that morality is a personal choice.
Dennis says that morality is universal.
Dennis says that morality is dictated by a person's culture.
Rationale: Subjectivism holds that moral judgments are based on
individual feelings or personal choices, not on universal rules or
cultural norms. Saying morality is a “personal choice” captures the
core of subjectivist thinking.
5.) Which of the following is a philosophical question?
On average, how many babies are born a day?
What is the average top speed of a cheetah?
How do we define what counts as art?
Would you rather see a movie or a play?
Rationale: A philosophical question is one that cannot be
answered solely through empirical observation or personal
preference. Asking how to define “art” gets at conceptual and
metaphysical issues about meaning, value, and classification.
6.) Because she is a teacher who works with children, Yuki is
required by law to report suspected abuse. One day a student
says that his dad frequently hits him after having a drink.
, Despite the boy's insistence that it's a secret, Yuki informs the
school office, which calls the authorities. Yuki's decision
constitutes a(n) __________ action.
supererogatory
impermissible
obligatory
neutral
Rationale: An obligatory action is one that a person is morally or
legally required to perform. Yuki is required by law to report
suspected abuse, so her action is obligatory, not optional or
supererogatory.
7.) Which of the following statements is an example of
metaethics?
Boy Scouts have a moral obligation to help the elderly cross the
street.
Kantian deontology is the correct ethical theory.
Most people believe in some form of utilitarianism.
Killing whales is always wrong, no matter the reasoning.
Rationale: Metaethics examines the nature, foundations, and
meaning of moral concepts. Claiming that one ethical theory
(Kantian deontology) is “correct” is a metaethical stance about the
truth status of moral theories, rather than a first-order normative
claim.
