CHEMISTRY A HIGHER TIER FULL REVISION
PACK ALL ASSESSMENT PAPERS WITH
SOLUTIONS
◉ What are isotopes? Answer: Atoms of the same element with
different numbers of neutrons (same number of protons)
◉ What is relative atomic mass, Mr, of an element? Answer: Average
mass of an element's atoms, compared to 1/12th the mass of a
carbon-12 atom
◉ How is Mr calculated? Answer: Mr = (Ar 1 x abundance 1)/100 +
(Ar 2 x abundance 2)/100
◉ What is the 'electronic structure' of an atom? Answer: Shows
where in the atoms the electrons are situated
◉ How is the electronic structure of an atom represented? Answer:
By numbers or a diagram
◉ Where is the lowest energy level in an atom? Answer: Nearest the
nucleus
,◉ How many electrons are needed to fill the lowest energy level in
an atom? Answer: 2
◉ How many electrons are needed to fill the second lowest energy
level in an atom? Answer: 8
◉ How many electrons are needed to fill the third lowest energy
level in an atom? Answer: 8
◉ How are the elements arranged in the periodic table? Answer: In
order of increasing atomic number
◉ What are the columns in the periodic table called? Answer:
Groups
◉ What are the rows in the periodic table called? Answer: Periods
◉ What do all elements in the same group have in common?
Answer: They have the same number of electrons in their outer
shells, and similar chemical properties
◉ Why is the periodic table called the periodic table? Answer:
Similar properties occur at regular intervals
,◉ Before the structure of the atom was known, how were elements
arranged in the PT? Answer: In order of increasing atomic weight
◉ What problems were there with the early periodic table? Answer:
It was incomplete, and some elements were in the wrong group
◉ How did Mendeleev improve the periodic table? Answer: He left
gaps for elements he thought hadn't been discovered yet
◉ What made it possible to explain why the elements were not
always in the right order? Answer: Knowledge of isotopes
◉ What are metal elements? Answer: Elements that react to form
positive ions
◉ What are non-metals? Answer: Elements that do NOT react to
form positive ions
◉ Where are metals found in the PT? Answer: Towards the left and
the bottom of the table
◉ Where are non-metals found in the PT? Answer: Towards the right
and the top of the table
, ◉ Why do metals lose electrons to become positive ions? Answer:
They have small numbers of electrons in their outer shells
◉ Why do non-metals NOT lose electrons to become positive ions?
Answer: They have larger numbers of electrons in their outer shells,
so easier to gain than lose
◉ What determines how an element will react? Answer: The no. of
protons a no. of electrons a where the electrons are a no. in outer
shell
◉ What are the elements in Group 0 called? Answer: Noble gases
◉ Why are they unreactive? Answer: They have a full outer shell of
electrons
◉ How does the boiling point of the noble gases change with
increasing rel. atomic mass? Answer: Boiling point increases down
the group
◉ What are elements in Group 1 called? Answer: Alkali metals
◉ How many electrons do the alkali metal atoms have in their outer
shells? Answer: 1
PACK ALL ASSESSMENT PAPERS WITH
SOLUTIONS
◉ What are isotopes? Answer: Atoms of the same element with
different numbers of neutrons (same number of protons)
◉ What is relative atomic mass, Mr, of an element? Answer: Average
mass of an element's atoms, compared to 1/12th the mass of a
carbon-12 atom
◉ How is Mr calculated? Answer: Mr = (Ar 1 x abundance 1)/100 +
(Ar 2 x abundance 2)/100
◉ What is the 'electronic structure' of an atom? Answer: Shows
where in the atoms the electrons are situated
◉ How is the electronic structure of an atom represented? Answer:
By numbers or a diagram
◉ Where is the lowest energy level in an atom? Answer: Nearest the
nucleus
,◉ How many electrons are needed to fill the lowest energy level in
an atom? Answer: 2
◉ How many electrons are needed to fill the second lowest energy
level in an atom? Answer: 8
◉ How many electrons are needed to fill the third lowest energy
level in an atom? Answer: 8
◉ How are the elements arranged in the periodic table? Answer: In
order of increasing atomic number
◉ What are the columns in the periodic table called? Answer:
Groups
◉ What are the rows in the periodic table called? Answer: Periods
◉ What do all elements in the same group have in common?
Answer: They have the same number of electrons in their outer
shells, and similar chemical properties
◉ Why is the periodic table called the periodic table? Answer:
Similar properties occur at regular intervals
,◉ Before the structure of the atom was known, how were elements
arranged in the PT? Answer: In order of increasing atomic weight
◉ What problems were there with the early periodic table? Answer:
It was incomplete, and some elements were in the wrong group
◉ How did Mendeleev improve the periodic table? Answer: He left
gaps for elements he thought hadn't been discovered yet
◉ What made it possible to explain why the elements were not
always in the right order? Answer: Knowledge of isotopes
◉ What are metal elements? Answer: Elements that react to form
positive ions
◉ What are non-metals? Answer: Elements that do NOT react to
form positive ions
◉ Where are metals found in the PT? Answer: Towards the left and
the bottom of the table
◉ Where are non-metals found in the PT? Answer: Towards the right
and the top of the table
, ◉ Why do metals lose electrons to become positive ions? Answer:
They have small numbers of electrons in their outer shells
◉ Why do non-metals NOT lose electrons to become positive ions?
Answer: They have larger numbers of electrons in their outer shells,
so easier to gain than lose
◉ What determines how an element will react? Answer: The no. of
protons a no. of electrons a where the electrons are a no. in outer
shell
◉ What are the elements in Group 0 called? Answer: Noble gases
◉ Why are they unreactive? Answer: They have a full outer shell of
electrons
◉ How does the boiling point of the noble gases change with
increasing rel. atomic mass? Answer: Boiling point increases down
the group
◉ What are elements in Group 1 called? Answer: Alkali metals
◉ How many electrons do the alkali metal atoms have in their outer
shells? Answer: 1
