NSG 3850 PATHO 2 EXAM2: CH 21- 23 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called the:
a. residual volume.
b. functional residual capacity.
c. expiratory reserve volume.
d. vital capacity. - Answers - a. residual volume
An increase in filtration of fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium occurs
with - pressure.
a. increased capillary colloid
b. increased capillary hydrostatic
c. decreased capillary hydrostatic
d. decreased interstitial colloid - Answers - b. increased capillary hydrostatic
The central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are
a. located in the carotid artery.
b. responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO2.
c. responsive primarily to hypoxemia.
d. less important than the peripheral chemoreceptors in maintaining respiration. -
Answers - b. Responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO2
The peripheral chemoreceptors
a. are located in the medulla oblongata.
b. lead to hypoventilation when stimulated.
c. respond to the arterial oxygen level.
d. are unresponsive to pH and CO2 levels. - Answers - c. respond to the arterial oxygen
level.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
a. diverts blood to hypoxic regions.
b. increases blood flow to the base of the lung.
c. can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension.
d. is always detrimental to the patient. - Answers - c. can lead to secondary pulmonary
hypertension
Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is
, a. transported as bicarbonate.
b. transported on the hemoglobin molecule.
c. transported as carbonic acid.
d. dissolved in plasma. - Answers - a. transported as bicarbonate
Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the
a. effect of carbonic anhydrase on the uptake of CO2.
b. ability of blood to pick up more CO2 when PaO2 is low.
c. amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood.
d. changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. - Answers - d. changes in hemoglobin
affinity for oxygen.
Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces
a. pulmonary vascular capacitance.
b. elastic recoil force.
c. alveolar surface tension.
d. pulmonary capillary fragility. - Answers - c. alveolar surface tension
Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by
a. increased pulmonary blood flow.
b. increased pulmonary vascular resistance.
c. increased left atrial pressure.
d. decreased alveolar compliance. - Answers - b. increased pulmonary vascular
resistance.
The pulmonary structure that has the least pulmonary blood flow is
a. lung apex.
b. middle lung.
c. lower lung.
d. zone 4. - Answers - a. lung apex
Which effect does autonomic nervous system stimulation have on the respiratory
system?
a. Parasympathetic stimulation dilates airways.
b. Sympathetic stimulation constricts airways.
c. Sympathetic stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
d. The autonomic system has no effect on the respiratory system. - Answers - c.
Sympathetic stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Primary pulmonary hypertension is
AND ANSWERS
The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration is called the:
a. residual volume.
b. functional residual capacity.
c. expiratory reserve volume.
d. vital capacity. - Answers - a. residual volume
An increase in filtration of fluid from the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium occurs
with - pressure.
a. increased capillary colloid
b. increased capillary hydrostatic
c. decreased capillary hydrostatic
d. decreased interstitial colloid - Answers - b. increased capillary hydrostatic
The central chemoreceptors for respiratory control are
a. located in the carotid artery.
b. responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO2.
c. responsive primarily to hypoxemia.
d. less important than the peripheral chemoreceptors in maintaining respiration. -
Answers - b. Responsive primarily to changes in pH and CO2
The peripheral chemoreceptors
a. are located in the medulla oblongata.
b. lead to hypoventilation when stimulated.
c. respond to the arterial oxygen level.
d. are unresponsive to pH and CO2 levels. - Answers - c. respond to the arterial oxygen
level.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
a. diverts blood to hypoxic regions.
b. increases blood flow to the base of the lung.
c. can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension.
d. is always detrimental to the patient. - Answers - c. can lead to secondary pulmonary
hypertension
Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is
, a. transported as bicarbonate.
b. transported on the hemoglobin molecule.
c. transported as carbonic acid.
d. dissolved in plasma. - Answers - a. transported as bicarbonate
Shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent the
a. effect of carbonic anhydrase on the uptake of CO2.
b. ability of blood to pick up more CO2 when PaO2 is low.
c. amount of hydrogen in solution in the blood.
d. changes in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. - Answers - d. changes in hemoglobin
affinity for oxygen.
Surfactant is a phospholipid that reduces
a. pulmonary vascular capacitance.
b. elastic recoil force.
c. alveolar surface tension.
d. pulmonary capillary fragility. - Answers - c. alveolar surface tension
Secondary pulmonary hypertension is most often caused by
a. increased pulmonary blood flow.
b. increased pulmonary vascular resistance.
c. increased left atrial pressure.
d. decreased alveolar compliance. - Answers - b. increased pulmonary vascular
resistance.
The pulmonary structure that has the least pulmonary blood flow is
a. lung apex.
b. middle lung.
c. lower lung.
d. zone 4. - Answers - a. lung apex
Which effect does autonomic nervous system stimulation have on the respiratory
system?
a. Parasympathetic stimulation dilates airways.
b. Sympathetic stimulation constricts airways.
c. Sympathetic stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
d. The autonomic system has no effect on the respiratory system. - Answers - c.
Sympathetic stimulation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Primary pulmonary hypertension is
