SOCIOLOGY 210 EXAM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(GRADED A+)
cultural relativism - ANSWER-the process of understanding other cultures on their
own terms, rather than judging according to one's own culture.
symbolic culture - ANSWER-includes ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and
assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication). One
of the most important functions is it allows us to communicate through signs,
gestures, and language.
sanctions - ANSWER-positive or negative reactions to the ways that people follow or
disobey norms, including rewards for conformity and punishments for norm violators.
help to establish social control, the formal and informal mechanisms used to
increase conformity to values and norms and thus increase social cohesion.
ethnocentrism - ANSWER-occurs when people use their own culture as a standard
to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view, that cultures other than
their own are abnormal.
material culture - ANSWER-includes the objects associated with a cultural group,
such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork.
sociology - ANSWER-the study of society. one of the social sciences - disciplines
that examine the human, or, social, world.
culture shock - ANSWER-the sense of disorientation you experience upon entering a
new environment.
sociological imagination - ANSWER-a quality of the mind that allows us to
understand the relationship between our particular situation in life and what is
happening at a social level
sociological perspective - ANSWER-a way of looking at the world through a
sociological lens.
theories - ANSWER-propositions that seek to explain the social world and help to
make predictions about future events. also sometimes referred to as approaches,
schools of thought, paradigms, or perspectives.
microsociology - ANSWER-examines small-group interactions to see how they
impact larger institutions in society
macrosociology - ANSWER-examines large-scale social structures to determine how
they impact groups and individuals
, jane addams - ANSWER-a pioneer in the field of sociology whose numerous
accomplishments range from the halls of academia to the forefront of social activism.
believed that women have a special kind of responsibility toward solving social
problems because they are trained to care for others. one of the first proponents of
applied sociology -- addressing the most pressing problems of their day through
hands on work with the people and places that were the subject of their research.
this practical approach is perhaps best demonstrated by hull house, the chicago
real culture - ANSWER-the norms, values, and patterns of a behavior that members
of a society believe should be observed in principle
taboo - ANSWER-a norm ingrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it
evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion
mores - ANSWER-a norm that carries greater moral significance, is closely related to
the core values of a group, and often involves severe repercussions for violators
folkway - ANSWER-a loosely enforced norm that involves common customs,
practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction + acceptance
values - ANSWER-ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or
worthy in a particular group; they express what the group cherishes and honors
community center they established in 1889 to offer shelter, medical care, legal
advice, training, and education to new immigrants, single mothers, and the poor.
emile durkheim - ANSWER-worked to establish sociology as an important academic
discipline. studied the bond that held people together, also studied suicide. studied
the relationship between social isolation and suicide at the macro level
karl marx - ANSWER-a german philosopher + political activist who contributed
significantly to sociology's conflict theory. theorized that capitalism created social
inequality between the bourgeoisie, who owned the means of production (money,
factories, natural resources, etc)
herbert spencer - ANSWER-the first great english speaking sociologist. believed in
evolution and coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"; believed that societies evolve
through time by adapting to their changing environment
max weber - ANSWER-studied how society was becoming industrialized. was
concerned with the process of rationalization, applying economic logic to all human
activity. believed that contemporary life was filled with disenchantment, the result of
the dehumanizing features of modern societies
harriet martineau - ANSWER-a social activist who traveled the united states and
wrote about social changes that were radical for this time period. translated comte's
work into english, making his ideas accessible to England and america
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(GRADED A+)
cultural relativism - ANSWER-the process of understanding other cultures on their
own terms, rather than judging according to one's own culture.
symbolic culture - ANSWER-includes ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and
assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication). One
of the most important functions is it allows us to communicate through signs,
gestures, and language.
sanctions - ANSWER-positive or negative reactions to the ways that people follow or
disobey norms, including rewards for conformity and punishments for norm violators.
help to establish social control, the formal and informal mechanisms used to
increase conformity to values and norms and thus increase social cohesion.
ethnocentrism - ANSWER-occurs when people use their own culture as a standard
to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view, that cultures other than
their own are abnormal.
material culture - ANSWER-includes the objects associated with a cultural group,
such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork.
sociology - ANSWER-the study of society. one of the social sciences - disciplines
that examine the human, or, social, world.
culture shock - ANSWER-the sense of disorientation you experience upon entering a
new environment.
sociological imagination - ANSWER-a quality of the mind that allows us to
understand the relationship between our particular situation in life and what is
happening at a social level
sociological perspective - ANSWER-a way of looking at the world through a
sociological lens.
theories - ANSWER-propositions that seek to explain the social world and help to
make predictions about future events. also sometimes referred to as approaches,
schools of thought, paradigms, or perspectives.
microsociology - ANSWER-examines small-group interactions to see how they
impact larger institutions in society
macrosociology - ANSWER-examines large-scale social structures to determine how
they impact groups and individuals
, jane addams - ANSWER-a pioneer in the field of sociology whose numerous
accomplishments range from the halls of academia to the forefront of social activism.
believed that women have a special kind of responsibility toward solving social
problems because they are trained to care for others. one of the first proponents of
applied sociology -- addressing the most pressing problems of their day through
hands on work with the people and places that were the subject of their research.
this practical approach is perhaps best demonstrated by hull house, the chicago
real culture - ANSWER-the norms, values, and patterns of a behavior that members
of a society believe should be observed in principle
taboo - ANSWER-a norm ingrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it
evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion
mores - ANSWER-a norm that carries greater moral significance, is closely related to
the core values of a group, and often involves severe repercussions for violators
folkway - ANSWER-a loosely enforced norm that involves common customs,
practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction + acceptance
values - ANSWER-ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or
worthy in a particular group; they express what the group cherishes and honors
community center they established in 1889 to offer shelter, medical care, legal
advice, training, and education to new immigrants, single mothers, and the poor.
emile durkheim - ANSWER-worked to establish sociology as an important academic
discipline. studied the bond that held people together, also studied suicide. studied
the relationship between social isolation and suicide at the macro level
karl marx - ANSWER-a german philosopher + political activist who contributed
significantly to sociology's conflict theory. theorized that capitalism created social
inequality between the bourgeoisie, who owned the means of production (money,
factories, natural resources, etc)
herbert spencer - ANSWER-the first great english speaking sociologist. believed in
evolution and coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"; believed that societies evolve
through time by adapting to their changing environment
max weber - ANSWER-studied how society was becoming industrialized. was
concerned with the process of rationalization, applying economic logic to all human
activity. believed that contemporary life was filled with disenchantment, the result of
the dehumanizing features of modern societies
harriet martineau - ANSWER-a social activist who traveled the united states and
wrote about social changes that were radical for this time period. translated comte's
work into english, making his ideas accessible to England and america
