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BIOL 252 Chapters 1-7 - Summary Human Anatomy and
Physiology
Fundamentals Of Human Anatomy And Physiology (University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill)
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Chapter 1
Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology
1.1 The Scope of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – study of form
• Examine structure of human body
o Inspection – looking at appearance
o Palpation – feeling with hands
o Auscultation – listening to sounds made by the body
o Percussion – tapping and feeling and listening for abnormalities
o Dissection – cutting and separation of tissues
• Comparative anatomy – study of more than one species for
differences/similarities and evolutionary trends
• Medical Imaging Techniques
o Radiology – medical imaging
o Gross anatomy – structure that can be seen with a naked eye
o Histology – microscopic anatomy
o Histopathology – microscopic examination of tissues for disease
o Cytology – study of cells
o Ultrastructure – fine detail, electron microscope
Physiology – study of function
• Comparative physiology – study of how different species have resolved
issues such as water balance, respiration, reproduction
1.2 The Origins of Biomedical Science
The Greek and Roman Legacy – Hippocrates and Aristotle, Galen
The Birth of Modern Medicine
1.3 Scientific Method
Inductive Method
• Making numerous generalizations until one is confident in drawing
generalizations and predictions for them
• Proven beyond reasonable doubt
Hypothetico-deductive method
• Falsifiability – ability to specify what evidence would prove something wrong
Experimental design
o Sample size
o Controls
o Psychosomatic effects – effects of the subject’s state of mind on his
physiology – placebos used
o Experimental bias – controlled by double-blind method
o Statistical testing
• Peer review
• Facts, Laws, Theories
o Fact – independently verifiable by trained person
o Law of nature – generalization about predictable ways in which
matter and energy behave
o Theory – explanatory statement derived from facts, laws, and
confirmed hypotheses
o Laws describe universe, not govern
1.4 Human Origins and Adaptations
• Change in genetic composition
Downloaded by madiba South Africa stuvia ()
BIOL 252 Chapters 1-7 - Summary Human Anatomy and
Physiology
Fundamentals Of Human Anatomy And Physiology (University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by madiba South Africa stuvia ()
, lOMoARcPSD|44532475
Chapter 1
Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology
1.1 The Scope of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – study of form
• Examine structure of human body
o Inspection – looking at appearance
o Palpation – feeling with hands
o Auscultation – listening to sounds made by the body
o Percussion – tapping and feeling and listening for abnormalities
o Dissection – cutting and separation of tissues
• Comparative anatomy – study of more than one species for
differences/similarities and evolutionary trends
• Medical Imaging Techniques
o Radiology – medical imaging
o Gross anatomy – structure that can be seen with a naked eye
o Histology – microscopic anatomy
o Histopathology – microscopic examination of tissues for disease
o Cytology – study of cells
o Ultrastructure – fine detail, electron microscope
Physiology – study of function
• Comparative physiology – study of how different species have resolved
issues such as water balance, respiration, reproduction
1.2 The Origins of Biomedical Science
The Greek and Roman Legacy – Hippocrates and Aristotle, Galen
The Birth of Modern Medicine
1.3 Scientific Method
Inductive Method
• Making numerous generalizations until one is confident in drawing
generalizations and predictions for them
• Proven beyond reasonable doubt
Hypothetico-deductive method
• Falsifiability – ability to specify what evidence would prove something wrong
Experimental design
o Sample size
o Controls
o Psychosomatic effects – effects of the subject’s state of mind on his
physiology – placebos used
o Experimental bias – controlled by double-blind method
o Statistical testing
• Peer review
• Facts, Laws, Theories
o Fact – independently verifiable by trained person
o Law of nature – generalization about predictable ways in which
matter and energy behave
o Theory – explanatory statement derived from facts, laws, and
confirmed hypotheses
o Laws describe universe, not govern
1.4 Human Origins and Adaptations
• Change in genetic composition
Downloaded by madiba South Africa stuvia ()
