WGU D236 Patho OA | Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ | 2026 Update
Correct
Incorrect
,weight-bearing exercise can help to treat rickets, as well. It is a multi step process to make the
active form of Vit D
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a disorder of the intervertebral discs. When the discs
deteriorate, they cause improper alignment of the spinal column. Some anatomical issues
that result are thinning discs, herniated discs (nucleus pulposus leaking through annulus
fibrosus cartilage), bulging discs, and degenerated discs (possible with the formation of
osteophytes). Lumbar DDD results in pain in the buttock and thighs that gets worse with
sitting, bending, lifting or twisting; weakness and numbness in the lower body, such as
sciatica. Cervical DDD can result in chronic neck pain that radiates to shoulders and down the
arms, weakness of arms/hands, and numbness and tingling in arms/hands.
Sepsis is an infection of the blood. Fever, chills, and increased pressure in the affected
area are symptoms, as well as the area of injury will be warm, edematous, and
erythematous. If the infection is advanced, a purulent (puslike) discharge can develop,
as well as a foul odor. The patient is treated with IV antibiotics in the hospital. When
they are allowed to go home, they are given oral antibiotics. In the context of
musculoskeletal injury, as part of treatment, the debridement of the wound and
removal of orthopedic hardware will be needed to clean up infected region around
injury, if it exists.
Insulin is the hormone responsible for initiating the uptake of glucose by the cells. Cells use
glucose to produce energy (ATP). In a normal individual, when blood glucose increases, the
pancreas is signaled to produced in insulin, which binds to insulin receptors on a cells surface
and initiates the uptake of glucose. Glucose is a very reactive molecule and if left in the blood,
it can start to bind to other proteins and lipids, which can lead to loss of function. AGEs are
advanced glycation end products that are a result of glucose reacting with the endothelial
lining, which can lead to damage in the heart and kidneys.
Don't know?
2 of 32
,Term
What is a pulmonary embolism? What is a fat embolism? When might a patient
develop a pulmonary embolism? When might a patient develop a fat
embolism? How are they treated?
Give this one a try later!
Respiratory Acidosis: Ph <7.35,
CO2 >45, HCO3 >26 Respiratory
Alkalosis: Ph >7.35, CO2 <35,
HCO3 <22 Metabolic Acidosis: Ph
<7.35, HCO3 <22, CO2 <35
Respiratory Acidosis:
Ph >7.35, HCO3 >26, CO2 >45
Normal ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases) Blood pH: 7.35-7.45 PCO2: 35-45 mm Hg PO2: 90-100
mm Hg HCO3-: 22-26 mEq/L SaO2: 95-100% Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are marked by
changes in PCO2. Higher = acidosis and lower = alkalosis Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis are
caused by something other than abnormal CO2 levels. This could include toxicity, diabetes,
renal failure or excessive GI losses. Here are the rules to follow to determine if is respiratory
or metabolic in nature. -If pH and PCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is the pCO2
levels that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature. -If PCO2 is normal or is
moving tin the same direction as the pH, then the imbalance is metabolic in nature.
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a disorder of the intervertebral discs. When the discs
deteriorate, they cause improper alignment of the spinal column. Some anatomical issues
that result are thinning discs, herniated discs (nucleus pulposus leaking through annulus
fibrosus cartilage), bulging discs, and degenerated discs (possible with the formation of
osteophytes). Lumbar DDD results in pain in the buttock and thighs that gets worse with
sitting, bending, lifting or twisting; weakness and numbness in the lower body, such as
sciatica. Cervical DDD can result in chronic neck pain that radiates to shoulders and down the
arms, weakness of arms/hands, and numbness and tingling in arms/hands.
, A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that has obstructed an artery in the lungs. A fat
embolism occurs when fat globules released from marrow of a fractured bone block
microvasculature in the lung or other organs, such as the brain. A pulmonary embolism
may often develop due to orthopedic surgery and in individuals with low mobility and
blood hypercoagulation tendency. Anticoagulant may be administered during
orthopedic surgery, and DVT may be treated through thrombolysis or pulmonary
thrombectomy. A fat embolism is often related to a deep fracture of a marrow-
containing bone, such as the femur. Early stabilization of marrow-containing bone
fractures can help prevent fat embolisms, and fat embolisms may be treated by flushing
the blood with solutions containing albumin to increase blood vessel volume and to
dissolve the fat globules with the aid of the albumin.
Rickets is, primarily, due to a deficiency of vitamin D (due to sunlight exposure), which leads
to a deficiency of blood calcium. Rickets can lead to bone weakness, deformity, and
susceptibility to fracture. Rickets results from a failure to calcify osteoid due to low amounts
of blood calcium and low vitamin D (typically). There are many different types of rickets.
Children, especially under age 2, are most likely to be diagnosed with rickets. Infants can
develop rickets if their mother's diet was low in vitamin D or in calcium, and breastmilk is low
in vitamin D, so mother and baby need to supplement vitamin D (and calcium). The best way
to treat rickets is to prevent it by taking supplements of vitamin D and calcium, eating
food/drink containing vitamin D/calcium, and getting sufficient sunlight. Physical therapy with
weight-bearing exercise can help to treat rickets, as well. It is a multi step process to make the
active form of Vit D
Don't know?
(Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ | 2026 Update
Correct
Incorrect
,weight-bearing exercise can help to treat rickets, as well. It is a multi step process to make the
active form of Vit D
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a disorder of the intervertebral discs. When the discs
deteriorate, they cause improper alignment of the spinal column. Some anatomical issues
that result are thinning discs, herniated discs (nucleus pulposus leaking through annulus
fibrosus cartilage), bulging discs, and degenerated discs (possible with the formation of
osteophytes). Lumbar DDD results in pain in the buttock and thighs that gets worse with
sitting, bending, lifting or twisting; weakness and numbness in the lower body, such as
sciatica. Cervical DDD can result in chronic neck pain that radiates to shoulders and down the
arms, weakness of arms/hands, and numbness and tingling in arms/hands.
Sepsis is an infection of the blood. Fever, chills, and increased pressure in the affected
area are symptoms, as well as the area of injury will be warm, edematous, and
erythematous. If the infection is advanced, a purulent (puslike) discharge can develop,
as well as a foul odor. The patient is treated with IV antibiotics in the hospital. When
they are allowed to go home, they are given oral antibiotics. In the context of
musculoskeletal injury, as part of treatment, the debridement of the wound and
removal of orthopedic hardware will be needed to clean up infected region around
injury, if it exists.
Insulin is the hormone responsible for initiating the uptake of glucose by the cells. Cells use
glucose to produce energy (ATP). In a normal individual, when blood glucose increases, the
pancreas is signaled to produced in insulin, which binds to insulin receptors on a cells surface
and initiates the uptake of glucose. Glucose is a very reactive molecule and if left in the blood,
it can start to bind to other proteins and lipids, which can lead to loss of function. AGEs are
advanced glycation end products that are a result of glucose reacting with the endothelial
lining, which can lead to damage in the heart and kidneys.
Don't know?
2 of 32
,Term
What is a pulmonary embolism? What is a fat embolism? When might a patient
develop a pulmonary embolism? When might a patient develop a fat
embolism? How are they treated?
Give this one a try later!
Respiratory Acidosis: Ph <7.35,
CO2 >45, HCO3 >26 Respiratory
Alkalosis: Ph >7.35, CO2 <35,
HCO3 <22 Metabolic Acidosis: Ph
<7.35, HCO3 <22, CO2 <35
Respiratory Acidosis:
Ph >7.35, HCO3 >26, CO2 >45
Normal ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases) Blood pH: 7.35-7.45 PCO2: 35-45 mm Hg PO2: 90-100
mm Hg HCO3-: 22-26 mEq/L SaO2: 95-100% Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are marked by
changes in PCO2. Higher = acidosis and lower = alkalosis Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis are
caused by something other than abnormal CO2 levels. This could include toxicity, diabetes,
renal failure or excessive GI losses. Here are the rules to follow to determine if is respiratory
or metabolic in nature. -If pH and PCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is the pCO2
levels that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature. -If PCO2 is normal or is
moving tin the same direction as the pH, then the imbalance is metabolic in nature.
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a disorder of the intervertebral discs. When the discs
deteriorate, they cause improper alignment of the spinal column. Some anatomical issues
that result are thinning discs, herniated discs (nucleus pulposus leaking through annulus
fibrosus cartilage), bulging discs, and degenerated discs (possible with the formation of
osteophytes). Lumbar DDD results in pain in the buttock and thighs that gets worse with
sitting, bending, lifting or twisting; weakness and numbness in the lower body, such as
sciatica. Cervical DDD can result in chronic neck pain that radiates to shoulders and down the
arms, weakness of arms/hands, and numbness and tingling in arms/hands.
, A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that has obstructed an artery in the lungs. A fat
embolism occurs when fat globules released from marrow of a fractured bone block
microvasculature in the lung or other organs, such as the brain. A pulmonary embolism
may often develop due to orthopedic surgery and in individuals with low mobility and
blood hypercoagulation tendency. Anticoagulant may be administered during
orthopedic surgery, and DVT may be treated through thrombolysis or pulmonary
thrombectomy. A fat embolism is often related to a deep fracture of a marrow-
containing bone, such as the femur. Early stabilization of marrow-containing bone
fractures can help prevent fat embolisms, and fat embolisms may be treated by flushing
the blood with solutions containing albumin to increase blood vessel volume and to
dissolve the fat globules with the aid of the albumin.
Rickets is, primarily, due to a deficiency of vitamin D (due to sunlight exposure), which leads
to a deficiency of blood calcium. Rickets can lead to bone weakness, deformity, and
susceptibility to fracture. Rickets results from a failure to calcify osteoid due to low amounts
of blood calcium and low vitamin D (typically). There are many different types of rickets.
Children, especially under age 2, are most likely to be diagnosed with rickets. Infants can
develop rickets if their mother's diet was low in vitamin D or in calcium, and breastmilk is low
in vitamin D, so mother and baby need to supplement vitamin D (and calcium). The best way
to treat rickets is to prevent it by taking supplements of vitamin D and calcium, eating
food/drink containing vitamin D/calcium, and getting sufficient sunlight. Physical therapy with
weight-bearing exercise can help to treat rickets, as well. It is a multi step process to make the
active form of Vit D
Don't know?
