MCB2010: EXAM 4 TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS.
Innate resistance - Answer bodies first and second line of defense
First line of defense - Answer to prevent pathogens entering the body, includes the skin and
mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, lacrimal
apparatus, normal flora
lacrimal apparatus function - Answer produces, distributes, and removes tears
normal flora - Answer Microorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease
Epidermis - Answer shedding of dead skin cells removes attached microorganisms
epidermal dendritic cells - Answer phagocytic cells and help prevent microbial invasion
epidermis benefit - Answer skin is acidic and high salt (hypertonic) environment which helps
prevent microbial invasion
Dermis - Answer skin has chemicals that defend against pathogens
perspiration - Answer secreted by sweat glands
salt - Answer inhibits growth of pathogens by drawing water from their cells
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) - Answer dermicidins; damage and kill bacteria
lysozyme - Answer destroys cell wall of bacteria
sebum - Answer secreted by sebaceous(oil) glands, lowers the pH of the skin (pH 4) to a level
inhibitory to many bacteria
mucous membranes - Answer lines all body cavities (ex: nasal cavity, mouth, urinary system),
mucous also contains chemicals like antimicrobial peptides that damage and kill bacteria
, Epithelium - Answer outer covering of mucous membranes, cells are living, continual
shedding of cells carries attached microorganisms away
lacrimal apparatus - Answer blinking spreads tears and washes surface of the eye, lysozyme
in tears destroys bacteria, tears are salty and helps bacteria from invading
normal microbiota - Answer competing with potential pathogens; microbial antagonism
Body's second line of defense - Answer Operates when pathogens penetrate the skin or
mucous membranes, no physical barriers, blood components, complement, interferons,
inflammation, fever.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) - Answer defensive blood cells
Granulocytes - Answer Neutrophils and Eosinophils can phagocytize pathogens
Agranulocytes - Answer two types lymphocytes and monocytes
Monocytes - Answer leave the blood and mature into macrophages
Phagocytosis - Answer cells capable of phagocytosis are called phagocytes; neutrophils,
eosinophils, and macrophage can do this
Phagocytosis stages - Answer chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, maturation, killing,
elimination
Nonphagocytic Killing - Answer eosinophils
natural killer lymphocytes - Answer secrete toxins to kill viral infected cells
inflammation(nonspecific) - Answer characterized by redness, heat, swelling, dilation of
blood vessels, and pain
fever(nonspecific) - Answer a body temp over 37 C
third line of defense - Answer specific/adaptive immunity, defend itself against distinct
invaders, response is targeted against a single pathogen (advantage)of innate immunity
AND ANSWERS.
Innate resistance - Answer bodies first and second line of defense
First line of defense - Answer to prevent pathogens entering the body, includes the skin and
mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, lacrimal
apparatus, normal flora
lacrimal apparatus function - Answer produces, distributes, and removes tears
normal flora - Answer Microorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease
Epidermis - Answer shedding of dead skin cells removes attached microorganisms
epidermal dendritic cells - Answer phagocytic cells and help prevent microbial invasion
epidermis benefit - Answer skin is acidic and high salt (hypertonic) environment which helps
prevent microbial invasion
Dermis - Answer skin has chemicals that defend against pathogens
perspiration - Answer secreted by sweat glands
salt - Answer inhibits growth of pathogens by drawing water from their cells
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) - Answer dermicidins; damage and kill bacteria
lysozyme - Answer destroys cell wall of bacteria
sebum - Answer secreted by sebaceous(oil) glands, lowers the pH of the skin (pH 4) to a level
inhibitory to many bacteria
mucous membranes - Answer lines all body cavities (ex: nasal cavity, mouth, urinary system),
mucous also contains chemicals like antimicrobial peptides that damage and kill bacteria
, Epithelium - Answer outer covering of mucous membranes, cells are living, continual
shedding of cells carries attached microorganisms away
lacrimal apparatus - Answer blinking spreads tears and washes surface of the eye, lysozyme
in tears destroys bacteria, tears are salty and helps bacteria from invading
normal microbiota - Answer competing with potential pathogens; microbial antagonism
Body's second line of defense - Answer Operates when pathogens penetrate the skin or
mucous membranes, no physical barriers, blood components, complement, interferons,
inflammation, fever.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) - Answer defensive blood cells
Granulocytes - Answer Neutrophils and Eosinophils can phagocytize pathogens
Agranulocytes - Answer two types lymphocytes and monocytes
Monocytes - Answer leave the blood and mature into macrophages
Phagocytosis - Answer cells capable of phagocytosis are called phagocytes; neutrophils,
eosinophils, and macrophage can do this
Phagocytosis stages - Answer chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, maturation, killing,
elimination
Nonphagocytic Killing - Answer eosinophils
natural killer lymphocytes - Answer secrete toxins to kill viral infected cells
inflammation(nonspecific) - Answer characterized by redness, heat, swelling, dilation of
blood vessels, and pain
fever(nonspecific) - Answer a body temp over 37 C
third line of defense - Answer specific/adaptive immunity, defend itself against distinct
invaders, response is targeted against a single pathogen (advantage)of innate immunity
