Exam 1- Chapters 1-6 BIOL 133/ BIOL133 : Ansawered latest Spring 26 | Attempt Score 95.25 / 100 - 95.25 % | American Military University.

Exam 1- Chapters 1-6 BIOL 133 Exam 1- Chapters 1-6 - Results Attempt 1 of 1 Attempt Score 95.25 / 100 - 95.25 % Overall Grade (Highest Attempt) 95.25 / 100 - 95.25 % stion 1 2.5 / 2.5 po Which is an example of a hypothesis that can explain the observation, flashlight does not work? Question options: The batteries are dead or the bulb is burned out. Replacing the batteries will make the flashlight work. The batteries are dead. If the bulb is replaced will the flashlight work? Hide question 1 feedback Learning Objective: Summarize the steps of the scientific method n 2 2.5 / 2. Organisms must use macromolecules that have properties to match their functional requirements. In the list below, choose the appropriate macromolecule whose properties meet the requirement. Requirement: Transient transmission of information Requirement: Short term energy storage (animals) Requirement: Strong cell walls Requirement: Energy storage for seeds Requirement: Stable storage of information 1. cellulose 2. DNA 3. starch 4. glycogen 5. RNA on 3 2.5 / 2.5 Which of the following form the foundation of plasma membranes? Question options: Glycoproteins Fatty acids Glycolipids PhospholipidsProteins Hide question 3 feedback Correct n 4 2.5 / 2. Indicate the statements that support the relationship between protein and structure. Question options: A protein that unfolds or is incorrectly folded can use chaperones to correct the structure. when some proteins are denatured, with return of the normal environmental conditions they might refold. A proteins final shape is determined by the secondary structure. pH, temperature and agitation can denature proteins rendering them active. A disease may occur if proteins do not fold correctly. Hide question 4 feedback Correct Correct Correct n 5 2.5 / 2. What is the function of cholesterol in plasma membranes? Question options: regulates pH regulates fluidity promotes artherosclerosis allows ions to pass Hide question 5 feedback Correct! n 6 2.5 / 2. Researchers are working to develop biofuels to free us from dependence on fossil fuels. Based on what you know about cellulose, what do you predict are the major advantage and disadvantage of using cellulose-rich plant material as biofuel? Question options:There is not much energy in the glycosidic bonds of cellulose, but at least there is a lot of it. There is not much energy in the peptide bonds of cellulose, but at least it is very easy to break down The breakdown of cellulose into fructose is an endergonic reaction, but an enzyme can reverse the equilibrium Cellulose is very difficult to break down into glucose, but it contains a lot of energy. Hide question 6 feedback Correct n 7 1.25 / 2. What statement(s) describes a concentration gradient? Question options: The temperature inside the car is 39 degrees Celsius and the temperature outside the care is 39 degree Celsius. Red blood cells cytoplasm contains a 0.9% salt solution. The extracellular fluid is 1.0%. Extracellular fluid contains 13.5 mmol of calcium, and 9 mmol of calcium is in the plasma. Oxygen in blood plasma is .31 per 100 ml. Oxygen carried with hemoglobin is .69 per 100 ml. Hide question 7 feedback Correct Correct n 8 2.5 / 2. To break chemical bonds to start a chemical reaction, ___________ energy is needed. Question options: kinetic potential activation free Hide question 8 feedback Correct n 9 2.5 / 2. In biological macromolecules like proteins, the hydrophobic residues tend to clump together in the interior of the folded structure. What is the best explanation for why this occurs? Question options:Protein folding machinery interprets the amino acid code to pack hydrophobic residues into the center of proteins. This process must be important, because the cell expends large amounts of ATP to precisely coordinate protein folding. Hydrophobic residues bind each other, while polar residues cannot bind each other. Therefore the hydrophobic ones end up stuck to each other in the core of the protein. Hydrophobic residues bind to each other in specific ways. For instance, Ala forms di-methyl bonds, and phenylalanine binds isoleucine. This creates a tightly bound hydrophobic inner core. Polar residues tend to bind to water in the cytoplasm as well as to each other. The water and polar residues cannot bind to the hydrophobic ones, so in the lowest energy state the hydrophobic residues are pushed together in the middle. on 2 Membrane proteins are able to cross because sections are composed of Question options: hydrophilic phosphate regions nonpolar phosphate regions hydrophobic amino acids polar amino acids hydrophilic amino acids. Hide question 10 feedback Correct n 11 2.5 / 2. When phospholipids are placed in water, why does a bilayer form? Question options: Lipids are hydrophilic and will from hydrogen bonds with the water, forcing the hydrophobic heads towards th The fatty acid tails are forced together away from the water, and water can create hydrogen bonds with the pho Phospholipids are naturally attracted to each other, forcing phosphate heads to face the aqueous areas. The polar tails will be attracted to the water and the nonpolar heads will be attracted to each other. Hide question 11 feedback Correct n 12 2.5 / 2. NASA's Kepler mission found evidence of several potentially habitable exoplanets, raising the possibility that life may have evolved independently outside of our solar system. If NASA found a novel lifeform, we would expect it to use energy molecules based on similar principles as lifeforms on Earth. The organism would likely use molecules with_____________ bonds. It might use two separate molecules, one serving as a rapidly utilizable energy currency and another molecule serving as long-term energy storage Question options: high energy low energy hydrogen electrostatic on 2 NASA has discovered a lifeform on another planet! They have called you to help them identify what kind of organism it is. Which features suggest that the lifeform is eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic? (Select all that apply.) Question options: plasmids Golgi apparatus nucleus mitochondria membrane-bound organelles circular DNA cell membrane cell wall linear chromosomes nucleoid on 2 What protein is matched with its function?Question options: aquaporins – move water through the membrane by active transport carrier protein – nonspecific and will allow material to pass directly through channel protein – allow passage of material through the hydrophilic pore transport proteins – allow passage of material with the aid of ATP Hide question 14 feedback Correct n 15 2.5 / 2. How can ice float? Question options: the covalent bonds expand, decreasing density the hydrogen bonds expand, decreasing density the covalent bonds collapse, increasing density the hydrogen bonds collapse, increasing density Hide question 15 feedback Learning Objective: Describe the properties of water that are critical to maintaining life n 16 2.5 / 2. The equation below represents a(n)____________________. 2NO2 ↔ N2O4 Question options: irreversible reaction reversible reaction reactant product enzymatic reaction on 2 Baking soda can be swallowed to combine with excess hydrogen ions. Baking soda acts as a buffer. Question options:True False on 2 Which of the following is an example of an aliphatic hydrocarbon? Question options: Cholesterol Estrogen Benzene Methane on 2 Cardiac muscle requires junctions that allow electrical signals through. Cardiac muscle also relies on calcium to contract. What junction is involved and what organelle stores calcium? Question options: desmosomes, smooth ER plasmodesmata, rough ER gap, smooth ER tight, rough ER Hide question 19 feedback Learning Objective: List examples of the ways that plant cells and animal cells communicate with adjacent cells n 20 1.5 / 2. Consider this hypothesis: People who drink a lot of alcohol exhibit amoral behavior. What is wrong with this hypothesis? (Select all that apply.) Question options: “A lot of alcohol” is not clearly defined. Experiments cannot be conducted with people for ethical reasons.Human behavior is too complex to be studied scientifically. "Amoral behavior" is not clearly defined. The answer is obvious, so it cannot be falsified. on 2 Researchers are working to develop biofuels to free us from dependence on fossil fuels. Based on what you know about cellulose, what do you predict are the major advantage and disadvantage of using cellulose-rich plant material as biofuel? Question options: There is not much energy in the glycosidic bonds of cellulose, but at least there is a lot of it. There is not much energy in the peptide bonds of cellulose, but at least it is very easy to break down The breakdown of cellulose into fructose is an endergonic reaction, but an enzyme can reverse the equilibrium Cellulose is very difficult to break down into glucose, but it contains a lot of energy. Hide question 21 feedback Correct n 22 2.5 / 2. What is the first step in Na+-K+ pump? Question options: Carrier protein binds to 3 Na+ Phosphate group is removed and K+ attach ATP is hydrolyzed by a protein carrier The carrier protein has a reduced affinity for Na+ shape change increases the carrier's affinity for K+ ions Hide question 22 feedback Correct n 23 2.5 / 2. What protein is matched with its function? Question options: aquaporins – move water through the membrane by active transport carrier protein – nonspecific and will allow material to pass directly throughchannel protein – allow passage of material through the hydrophilic pore transport proteins – allow passage of material with the aid of ATP Hide question 23 feedback Correct n 24 2.5 / 2. What molecule(s) could diffuse across the plasma membrane? Question options: disaccharides Fe2+ tryptophan amino acid CH4 Hide question 24 feedback Correct n 25 2.5 / 2. A tarantula has eight legs, an arachnid in the order Araneae. A grass spider has eight legs, an arachnid in the order Araneaa. A mouse spider has eight legs, an arachnid in the order Araneae. There is a pattern. All organisms in this order have eight legs. This is ___Inductive___ reasoning n 26 0 / 2. Humans have been inhabiting earth for ___200,000___ years. n 27 2.5 / 2. The R group interactions, β-pleated sheets and α-helix structure can be denatured, but what interaction relevant to structure cannot be denatured? Question options: peptide bonds hydrophobic interactionsionic bonds hydrogen bonds disulfide bridge Hide question 27 feedback Correct n 28 2.5 / 2. How are the membrane components oriented? Question options: The hydrophobic heads are oriented towards the outside of the cell and the hydrophilic tails are oriented towar The hydrophilic heads are oriented towards the outside and the inside of the cell and the hydrophobic tails are The hydrophobic heads are oriented towards each other and the hydrophilic tails are oriented towards the outs The hydrophobic heads are oriented towards the inside of the cell and the hydrophilic tails are oriented toward Hide question 28 feedback Correct n 29 2.5 / 2. When viewing the shape of a human cheek cell, what microscope would most likely be used? Question options: light dissecting transmission electron scanning electron Hide question 29 feedback Correct n 30 2.5 / 2. Which statements describe sodium atoms? Select all that apply. Question options: contains 1 valence electron can lose one electron easily forms cations outer energy level is stableclosest to the left side of the periodic table easily forms covalent bonds has 2 electrons in the first energy level on 2 Estrogen and testosterone are structurally related to cholesterol. Based on what you have learned about cholesterol, predict how these steroid hormones signal to the cell. Question options: They bind to receptors on the outside of the membrane, which then activate an intracellular signaling cascade. They are phagocytosed, degraded, and then released into the cell. They make the membrane so fluid that small pores appear, allowing them to pass through. They diffuse directly through the plasma membrane and into the cell. Hide question 31 feedback Correct n 32 2.5 / 2. Cholera kills over 100,000 people each year worldwide due to diarrhea. The cholera toxin opens the CFTR chloride channel in the intestines, so that sufferers lose chloride, sodium and massive amounts of water. On the other hand, the same CFTR channel is mutated in cystic fibrosis patients. With activity too LOW, they lack chloride flow and mucus builds up in the lungs. This illustrates the importance of precise control of channel opening, known as ____________regulation. Question options: gated ungated passive Hide question 32 feedback Correct n 33 2.5 / 2. What is an example of potential energy? Select all that apply.Question options: sound energy in chemical bonds light heat concentration gradients on 2 According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, Question options: energy transfer creates an ordered system energy transfer increases the disorder of a system energy transfers decrease entropy energy cannot be created or destroyed Hide question 34 feedback Correct n 35 2.5 / 2. The impermeability of cell plasma membranes is a major barrier to using drugs to kill tumor cells or affect cells transgenically. CPPs are peptides that were discovered to have the ability to transport themselves (and even attached cargo) into cells. How they get into cells is still a mystery, but CPPs all have multiple positively charged groups. Which of the following membrane components are they most likely to be interacting with? Question options: cholesterol intrinsic membrane proteins phospholipid tails phospholipid heads Hide question 35 feedback Correct n 36 2.5 / 2.If two solutions are different, the one with the higher concentration of solutes is: Question options: isotonic hypertonic hypotonic on 2 When comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes, flagella Question options: aid in structural support aid in phagocytosis are composed of a 9+2 array are use for movement Hide question 37 feedback Learning Objective: Compare and contrast cilia and flagella n 38 2.5 / 2. You and your roommate are grocery shopping. “I don’t get it,” she says. “My doctor said I should buy this special milk because I don’t digest it well. But this brand says ‘lactose-free’ and this brand says ‘lactase added’ – which do I want?” You reply: “The _______________ is a sugar in milk that you have trouble digesting, and _________________ is an enzyme that will digest it for you. Question options: lactase, lactose lactose,lactase Hide question 38 feedback Correct! n 39 2.5 / 2.Before the battery in the car is jumped, the individuals notice the hookups on the battery are corroded by acid. What substance can be used to clean the acid? Question options: orange juice baking soda urine black coffee lemons Hide question 39 feedback Learning Objective: Discuss the role of acids, bases, and buffers in homeostasis n 40 2.5 / 2. If sodium does not move down its gradient in the co-transport pump, what would be the outcome? Question options: Sugar would not be affected Sugar would not be able to move down the gradient Sugar would not be able to move up the gradient Hide question 40 feedback Correct Done