(Peer) Ancient Greek and Roman Medicine Exam 2
Questions With Complete Solutions
_____ maintained the dominant medical theory in the Roman
Empire Correct Answers Methodists
___is the goal for empiricists Correct Answers Therapy
"...the nature of each of the bodies was shown to consist of a
certain krasis of heat, cold, dryness, and moisture. It is clear that
the eukrasia of these qualities in the underlying part will...
promote the growth of the flesh that is lacking. First then, we
must consider in every hollow wound and ulcer these two
things: whether what is underlying is eukratic--that is to say, if it
is in accord with nature, for it was shown that health in
homoiomerous bodies lies in a eukrasia of the four qualities--
and in addition, if the flow of blood is of the right quality and
quantity." Correct Answers Method of Healing
"Although I was then called in to sleep at the Palace, it was just
when the lamps had been lit that an emissary from the emperor
came to summon me. Three doctors had already examined him
at dawn and at the eighth hour; they had taken his pulse; and
they agreed that this was apparently the opening of an attack of
an illness. When I stood by in silence, the emperor looked at me
and asked why, when the others had taken his pulse, I alone had
not done so. I replied that since they had already done so twice
and the peculiarities of the pulse were probably known to them
through their experiences on their travels abroad with him, I
expected that they could obtain a better diagnosis of his present
condition than I. On hearing this, he commanded me to take his
,pulse. It seemed to me that his pulse, compared with the general
norm for each age and constitution, was far from showing the
onset of an attack of illness, and so I sa Correct Answers On
Prognosis
"But the net-like plexus [rete mirabile], as it is called by those
around Herophilus, seemed to be the cause of just this [sc. the
psychic pneuma becomes exhausted when someone runs hard
and far]. For when the carotid arteries ascend toward the brain,
this is where they are divided in many ways by the dura mater,
before they go through it. They twist around in many rows, as
they would if you were to conceive of several nets lying on each
other, and they occupy a very great area, which they call the
'base' of the brain. They have the capacity to escape into the
meninges right away, and to root themselves in the brain, to
which, in fact, they are proceeding from the outset." Correct
Answers 5.155K = Herophilus fr. 121
"For as I too have often said, none of the matters and
medications pertaining to the craft of medicine is inexpressible
in terms of kind, but the quantity cannot in each be stated, or
written, or, in a word, taught. Further, in the case of wounds and
ulcers, the moistness and filth are not inexpressible whereas the
quantity in each is inexpressible." Correct Answers Method of
Healing
"if some excess, or some deficiency among the four elements,
creates adverse health; or, if all the fault is in the humours...; or
in the breath...; or if blood is transfused into those blood-vessels
which are fitted for pneuma, and excites inflammmation..."
,"For they believe is is impossible for one who is ignorant of the
origin of diseases to learn how to treat them suitably"
"They do not deny that experience is also necessary; but they
say it is impossible to arrive at what should be done unless
through some course of reasoning...Frequently novel classes of
disease occur about which hitherto practice has disclosed
nothing, and so it is necessary to consider how such have
commenced, without which no one among mortals can possibly
find out whether this rather than that remedy should be used"
Correct Answers Celsus
"It follows therefore that the medical man just plays the cut-
throat, not that he learns what our viscera are like when we are
alive" Correct Answers Celsus
"It has a diuretic, warming, drying, gently astringent quality. It
is suitable for improving sight and as an emollient; with honey it
removes moles; it brings out the menses and drunk it helps those
with spider bites and also being drunk it is good for internal
inflammations and inflammations of the kidneys and for women
either as a sitz bath or as a fumigant it dilates the orifice of the
uterus. If cinnamon should be lacking then double the amount
[of cassia]; it will do the same [as cinnamon]. It is very useful
for so many things." Correct Answers dioscorides
"Let me reiterate what the discussion has usefully produced.
Frankincense can certainly produce flesh in a body of a moist
nature but not in one of a dry nature ... Therefore, the wound or
ulcer stands more in need of a drying medication to the extent
that it is more moist. Conversely to the extent that the nature of
the body itself happens to be moist, it is less in need of a drying
, medication. So, of wounds or ulcers that are equally moist, that
in a patient with a drier krasis needs to be dried more, whereas
in a patient with a moist krasis is less in need to the extent that
the one nature departs from the other nature. For the flesh that is
being created ought to be closely similar to that which existed
before. Therefore, when the original flesh was drier, the new
flesh must become drier, so that this needs to be dried still more;
and to the extent to which it is still more dry, the medication
being applied also Correct Answers Method of Healing
"Since, therefore, neither oil, verdrigris nor wax is able enflesh a
hollow wound, it is clear that none of those men who work on
the basis of experience will ever mix them ... But we did learn in
the discussions about composition of medications how a mixture
from two immoderate medications makes on moderate
medication... when you mix all these, you are able to make a
moderately drying medication." Correct Answers Method of
Healing
"So do you see clearly the need of such principles for a man who
intends to cure a wound or ulcer by the right method? For when
it is found, in general, that moisture is present in the affection, it
indicates a drying medication. But since some of these
medications dry more and some less, the use is taken from the
difference between the wounds or ulcers and from the nature of
the patient. So not only is it essential for someone who intends
to cure a wound or ulcer properly to give consideration to the
nature of the body, it is also essential for him to have learned
thoroughly the theory of medications and to know the signs of a
moist and dry krasis of the body." Correct Answers Method of
Healing
Questions With Complete Solutions
_____ maintained the dominant medical theory in the Roman
Empire Correct Answers Methodists
___is the goal for empiricists Correct Answers Therapy
"...the nature of each of the bodies was shown to consist of a
certain krasis of heat, cold, dryness, and moisture. It is clear that
the eukrasia of these qualities in the underlying part will...
promote the growth of the flesh that is lacking. First then, we
must consider in every hollow wound and ulcer these two
things: whether what is underlying is eukratic--that is to say, if it
is in accord with nature, for it was shown that health in
homoiomerous bodies lies in a eukrasia of the four qualities--
and in addition, if the flow of blood is of the right quality and
quantity." Correct Answers Method of Healing
"Although I was then called in to sleep at the Palace, it was just
when the lamps had been lit that an emissary from the emperor
came to summon me. Three doctors had already examined him
at dawn and at the eighth hour; they had taken his pulse; and
they agreed that this was apparently the opening of an attack of
an illness. When I stood by in silence, the emperor looked at me
and asked why, when the others had taken his pulse, I alone had
not done so. I replied that since they had already done so twice
and the peculiarities of the pulse were probably known to them
through their experiences on their travels abroad with him, I
expected that they could obtain a better diagnosis of his present
condition than I. On hearing this, he commanded me to take his
,pulse. It seemed to me that his pulse, compared with the general
norm for each age and constitution, was far from showing the
onset of an attack of illness, and so I sa Correct Answers On
Prognosis
"But the net-like plexus [rete mirabile], as it is called by those
around Herophilus, seemed to be the cause of just this [sc. the
psychic pneuma becomes exhausted when someone runs hard
and far]. For when the carotid arteries ascend toward the brain,
this is where they are divided in many ways by the dura mater,
before they go through it. They twist around in many rows, as
they would if you were to conceive of several nets lying on each
other, and they occupy a very great area, which they call the
'base' of the brain. They have the capacity to escape into the
meninges right away, and to root themselves in the brain, to
which, in fact, they are proceeding from the outset." Correct
Answers 5.155K = Herophilus fr. 121
"For as I too have often said, none of the matters and
medications pertaining to the craft of medicine is inexpressible
in terms of kind, but the quantity cannot in each be stated, or
written, or, in a word, taught. Further, in the case of wounds and
ulcers, the moistness and filth are not inexpressible whereas the
quantity in each is inexpressible." Correct Answers Method of
Healing
"if some excess, or some deficiency among the four elements,
creates adverse health; or, if all the fault is in the humours...; or
in the breath...; or if blood is transfused into those blood-vessels
which are fitted for pneuma, and excites inflammmation..."
,"For they believe is is impossible for one who is ignorant of the
origin of diseases to learn how to treat them suitably"
"They do not deny that experience is also necessary; but they
say it is impossible to arrive at what should be done unless
through some course of reasoning...Frequently novel classes of
disease occur about which hitherto practice has disclosed
nothing, and so it is necessary to consider how such have
commenced, without which no one among mortals can possibly
find out whether this rather than that remedy should be used"
Correct Answers Celsus
"It follows therefore that the medical man just plays the cut-
throat, not that he learns what our viscera are like when we are
alive" Correct Answers Celsus
"It has a diuretic, warming, drying, gently astringent quality. It
is suitable for improving sight and as an emollient; with honey it
removes moles; it brings out the menses and drunk it helps those
with spider bites and also being drunk it is good for internal
inflammations and inflammations of the kidneys and for women
either as a sitz bath or as a fumigant it dilates the orifice of the
uterus. If cinnamon should be lacking then double the amount
[of cassia]; it will do the same [as cinnamon]. It is very useful
for so many things." Correct Answers dioscorides
"Let me reiterate what the discussion has usefully produced.
Frankincense can certainly produce flesh in a body of a moist
nature but not in one of a dry nature ... Therefore, the wound or
ulcer stands more in need of a drying medication to the extent
that it is more moist. Conversely to the extent that the nature of
the body itself happens to be moist, it is less in need of a drying
, medication. So, of wounds or ulcers that are equally moist, that
in a patient with a drier krasis needs to be dried more, whereas
in a patient with a moist krasis is less in need to the extent that
the one nature departs from the other nature. For the flesh that is
being created ought to be closely similar to that which existed
before. Therefore, when the original flesh was drier, the new
flesh must become drier, so that this needs to be dried still more;
and to the extent to which it is still more dry, the medication
being applied also Correct Answers Method of Healing
"Since, therefore, neither oil, verdrigris nor wax is able enflesh a
hollow wound, it is clear that none of those men who work on
the basis of experience will ever mix them ... But we did learn in
the discussions about composition of medications how a mixture
from two immoderate medications makes on moderate
medication... when you mix all these, you are able to make a
moderately drying medication." Correct Answers Method of
Healing
"So do you see clearly the need of such principles for a man who
intends to cure a wound or ulcer by the right method? For when
it is found, in general, that moisture is present in the affection, it
indicates a drying medication. But since some of these
medications dry more and some less, the use is taken from the
difference between the wounds or ulcers and from the nature of
the patient. So not only is it essential for someone who intends
to cure a wound or ulcer properly to give consideration to the
nature of the body, it is also essential for him to have learned
thoroughly the theory of medications and to know the signs of a
moist and dry krasis of the body." Correct Answers Method of
Healing
