Ancient Greek Medicine Exam 1 pt. 2 with correct answers 100% 2026

Ancient Greek Medicine Exam 1 pt. 2 with correct answers 100% 2026 Hellenistic Period 336-31 BC (Hellenization, New Polis, Koine Greek, Cosmopolitan Intellectual) - Correct Answer - The rise of pharmacology, they began importing more plants - The number of new substances recorded increased - Antidotes - discussed the specific action of plant toxins - Get lots of people that aren't Greek and have been conquered by Alexander the Great and have been subjected to Greek culture because they were ruled by Greeks and to move up in society they need to take in the Greek culture - New Polis - went from familial to a Polis (city), less unity but still Greek on the surface, they spoke Koine Greek which was the common language that everyone spoke Profesional elites all coming to the same area and you get the best of both worlds which is what happens in Alexandria Alexandria (Establishment, Ptolemaic Dynasty, Hall of Muses, Library of Alexandria) - Correct Answer - It was established by Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt in 332-331 BC, the Greeks were firmly in control of the Egyptians who were barred from citizenship - The new courts attracted intellectuals - It became the teacher of Greeks and barbarians because there were persecutions of Alexandrains by Ptolemy VIII - Ptolemy I (300 BC) established 2 intellectual institutions the Museum and the Libraries (where the writings for the Corpus were first brought together) - Hall of the Muses - a community of scholars who got free lodging and meals for life for fulfilling their duty to the Muses (included poets, critics, mathematicians, and geographers), connected to the library, it is a place that inspires the great writers and thinkers (muses) Becomes the place to go if you are an elite, the people were separated by classes Herophilus - Correct Answer - First person to carry out research into the internal anatomy of the human body - He was critical of the Hippocratic prognosis - His studies covered the whole body - He studied the nervous and vascular systems distinguishing between veins and arteries by the anatomy and functions - He had the belief of a mixture of blood and pneuma - His studies provided an anatomical justification and explanation for pulsation which was crucial for diagnosis - rhythmos (regular), diastole (expand), systole (contract) - He came up with a whole series of different pulse types and made something to time the pulses - a water clock (quantitative) - 330 - 250 BC Discovered the 7 cranial nerves and the anatomy of the eye, sees the difference between arteries and veins Erasistratus - Correct Answer - The first to discover all the valves in the heart and that they prevented reflux as the heart expands and contracts - He concluded that veins and arteries split into smaller and smaller veinlets and arterioles and that the origin of nerves was the brain - Effluvia - feeds the bird and how much water he gives the bird, then he measures the amount the bird is excretion and it doesn't match up so there is effluvia that seeps through the pores to explain the stuff going in and not all coming out - He experimented by putting a cannula into an artery to discover whether pulsation was from the arterial tunics of from pneuma being driven into the arteries by the heart, what is the pulse? Is the blood causing the expansion? Does the blood keep flowing or stop? What is causing the pulse? - He believed that arteries carried pneuma but when cut they would bleed because the pneuma would escape creating a vacuum that would then suck the blood from the veins into to fill the empty space - 320 - 240 BC Horror Vacui - fear of the empty (materials want to fill empty space), pressure gradient, things are working off of mechanical things, uses it to explain why we have urine going into the kidneys, the blood in the arteries Funerary Practices - Correct Answer - Nobody is going to give their body to dissect They body has to be ready for the after life and if they don't do these rituals the soul couldn't make it over to the after life Hubris - Correct Answer You are causing harm to another person, skin is a natural barrier that gods have put for people and if you cut it you are causing hubris Egyptian Mummification - Correct Answer - Took major organs from the dead and stored them in large jars before mummifying the body as a ritual preparation for burial - Greek anatomists observed the mummifiers but did not understand what was being done because they did not speak the same language - There is no linkage between medicine and mummification It provided an encouragement to break a Greek taboo Herophileans, Erasistrateans, Hippocratics, Empiricists - Correct Answer - Empiricists did not want to continue dissecting people because it was unnecessarily cruel - The founder of the Empiricists sect was a pupil of Herophilus, his name was Philinus of Cos (260 BC) - The Empiricists came from all over the Greek speaking world and became closely associated with Sceptical philosophy - They rejected research into the causes of disease because they were irrelevant and unhelpful, just dogmas, they said that successful cures were a result of chance - The Empiricists recorded information on drugs and their effectiveness and criticized Herophileans and questioned the relevance of anatomy they used accurate observation of the living - Herophileans - composed glossaries and dictionaries of words that are found in the Corpus that were hard to understand, they had a growing interest in Hippocrates, important in Hippocratic scholarship and they comment on Hippocrates and what he said and this is how we should practice medicine, follow Herophilies Erasistrateans don't do vivesection Dogmatists/Rationalists - Correct Answer - Dogmatists - divide between them and the Empiricists (practice medicine based on observation, and their experiences with previous patients) Dogmatists - philosophical, body is made of elements, they rationalize how they come to their cures, their explanations are very long based on natural phenomena that they extrapolate, they don't have to have experience they just need to extrapolate based on what the human is made of Apollonius of Citium - Correct Answer - Scolded and Herophileans for their inconsistency in saying the value of anatomy and failing to apply it to practice - He rejected dissection in favor of experience - He wrote a commentary on the Hippocratic Joints which gave an idea of the complexity of Alexandrian surgery When people wrote stuff they don't always explain everything and write the commentary for the practice of the medicine Materia Medica and Recipes - Correct Answer - Recipes are you bringing together to create a something with strength, complex medication Materia Medica - simple medication