NR507 Final Exam Study Guide
2026/2027 / NR 507 Week 5 - 8
Advanced Pathophysiology
Actions of Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERSInsulin promotes glucose uptake mostly in the
liver, muscle and adipose tissue
, Acute Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERSDiagnosing by clinical symptoms alone
can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging
Acute renal failure - CORRECT ANSWERSReversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that
kidneys are functioning well
Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - CORRECT ANSWERSOnset of adrenal crisis is
signified by hypotension
Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and shock. This is known as
adrenal crisis or addisonian crisis and develops with undiagnosed disease, acute
withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other comorbid
stressful events
Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWERSDecreased short-term memory occurs
with mild cognitive decline as a result of a reduced hippocampus size
Autonomic Neuropathy-Complication of Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWERSAutonomic
Neuropathy includes:
GI Symptoms:
--Decreased esophageal motility
--Gastroparesis
--Delayed gastric emptying
Bacterial Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWERSAssociated with compression of Cranial
nerve V and results in severe and sharp stabbing pain that can worsen with chewing
Bell's Palsy - CORRECT ANSWERSAssociated with Cranial Nerve VII paralysis and
results in facial asymmetry and inability to close eye, smile or frown on the affected side
Cerebrovascular Accident - CORRECT ANSWERSReview s/s depending on the artery
infarcted
Example: infarct in the ACA will result in motor: contralateral paralysis or paresis
(greater in foot and thigh)
Sensory deficits associated with basilar artery infarct include contralateral loss of
vibratory sense, sense of position with dysmetria, loss of two-point discrimination,
impaired rapid alternating movements
2026/2027 / NR 507 Week 5 - 8
Advanced Pathophysiology
Actions of Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERSInsulin promotes glucose uptake mostly in the
liver, muscle and adipose tissue
, Acute Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERSDiagnosing by clinical symptoms alone
can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
Diagnosis established by:
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging
Acute renal failure - CORRECT ANSWERSReversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that
kidneys are functioning well
Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - CORRECT ANSWERSOnset of adrenal crisis is
signified by hypotension
Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and shock. This is known as
adrenal crisis or addisonian crisis and develops with undiagnosed disease, acute
withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other comorbid
stressful events
Alzheimer's Disease - CORRECT ANSWERSDecreased short-term memory occurs
with mild cognitive decline as a result of a reduced hippocampus size
Autonomic Neuropathy-Complication of Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWERSAutonomic
Neuropathy includes:
GI Symptoms:
--Decreased esophageal motility
--Gastroparesis
--Delayed gastric emptying
Bacterial Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWERSAssociated with compression of Cranial
nerve V and results in severe and sharp stabbing pain that can worsen with chewing
Bell's Palsy - CORRECT ANSWERSAssociated with Cranial Nerve VII paralysis and
results in facial asymmetry and inability to close eye, smile or frown on the affected side
Cerebrovascular Accident - CORRECT ANSWERSReview s/s depending on the artery
infarcted
Example: infarct in the ACA will result in motor: contralateral paralysis or paresis
(greater in foot and thigh)
Sensory deficits associated with basilar artery infarct include contralateral loss of
vibratory sense, sense of position with dysmetria, loss of two-point discrimination,
impaired rapid alternating movements
