ANP 1105 UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA
MIDTERM 1 2026 STUDY GUIDE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
◉ what are the six subdivisions of anatomy? Answer: 1. gross = study of
large body structures visible to the naked eye
2. regional = all structures in a particular area of a body
3. system = looks at one system (ex. nervous()
4. surface = internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (ex. veins)
5. microscopic = structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
(cytology = study of cells, histology = study of tissues)
6. developmental = traces internal structures that occur throughout the
lifespan (embryology = study of developmental changes that occur prior
to birth)
◉ define physiology Answer: study of how they work (function) and
carry out their life-sustaining activities
- based upon organ systems (ex. renal physiology)
- focuses on events at the cellular/molecular level
◉ what are the five levels of structural organization? Answer: 1.
chemical = atoms combine to form molecules
2. cellular = cells are made up of molecules
3. tissue = tissues consist of similar types of cells
, 4. organ = organs are made up of different types of tissues
5. organ system = different organs that work together closely
◉ what is the order of structural organization? Answer: atom, molecule,
organelle, organ, system and organelle
◉ define cells Answer: structural unit of all living things
◉ cytoplasm Answer: cellular material that is located between the
nucleus and plasma membrane
◉ what is the cytoplasm composed of? Answer: 1. cytosol = gel-like
solution made up of water and soluble molecules such as proteins, salts,
sugars, etc
2. inclusions = insoluble molecules; vary with cell type (ex. vacuoles)
3. organelles = metabolic machinery structures of cell; each with
specialized function (membranous of nonmembranous)
◉ function of rough er Answer: ribosomes manufacture proteins
secreted from cells + proteins bound in vesicles are transported to golgi
apparatus
◉ function of smooth er Answer: has enzymes that catalyze reactions
(ex. metabolize lipids, synthesize cholesterol and phospholipids)
MIDTERM 1 2026 STUDY GUIDE
PRACTICE QUESTIONS DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
◉ what are the six subdivisions of anatomy? Answer: 1. gross = study of
large body structures visible to the naked eye
2. regional = all structures in a particular area of a body
3. system = looks at one system (ex. nervous()
4. surface = internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (ex. veins)
5. microscopic = structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
(cytology = study of cells, histology = study of tissues)
6. developmental = traces internal structures that occur throughout the
lifespan (embryology = study of developmental changes that occur prior
to birth)
◉ define physiology Answer: study of how they work (function) and
carry out their life-sustaining activities
- based upon organ systems (ex. renal physiology)
- focuses on events at the cellular/molecular level
◉ what are the five levels of structural organization? Answer: 1.
chemical = atoms combine to form molecules
2. cellular = cells are made up of molecules
3. tissue = tissues consist of similar types of cells
, 4. organ = organs are made up of different types of tissues
5. organ system = different organs that work together closely
◉ what is the order of structural organization? Answer: atom, molecule,
organelle, organ, system and organelle
◉ define cells Answer: structural unit of all living things
◉ cytoplasm Answer: cellular material that is located between the
nucleus and plasma membrane
◉ what is the cytoplasm composed of? Answer: 1. cytosol = gel-like
solution made up of water and soluble molecules such as proteins, salts,
sugars, etc
2. inclusions = insoluble molecules; vary with cell type (ex. vacuoles)
3. organelles = metabolic machinery structures of cell; each with
specialized function (membranous of nonmembranous)
◉ function of rough er Answer: ribosomes manufacture proteins
secreted from cells + proteins bound in vesicles are transported to golgi
apparatus
◉ function of smooth er Answer: has enzymes that catalyze reactions
(ex. metabolize lipids, synthesize cholesterol and phospholipids)
