Foods and Nutrition Exam review questions with detailed correct answers

Danger zone - correct answers 41ºF to 131ºF Cross Contamination - correct answers the spreading of pathogens from one food to another what is the safest way to thaw food? - correct answers in the fridge, due to danger zone and bacteria growing rapidly what is the best place for dry storage - correct answers cool, dry cabinets; don't store under sink, or in a heated area staph - correct answers improper food handling salmonella - correct answers poultry and eggs Sickle Cell Osteomyelitis botulism - correct answers improperly canned food listeriosis - correct answers 40 degrees, ready to eat foods E.coli - correct answers water, beef, unpasterized perfingens - correct answers cafeteria germ, chinese buffet 1c.= - correct answers 16 T 1T= - correct answers 3 tsp 1 c.= - correct answers 8oz 1 pt= - correct answers 2 c 1 qt= - correct answers 4 c 1 gal= - correct answers 4 qt 1 stick of margarine= - correct answers 1/2 cup 1 lbs= - correct answers 16 oz slice - correct answers to cut into thin selections simmer - correct answers To cook liquid until just below boiling cubed - correct answers to cut food into small squares 1/2 in in size gradually - correct answers combining food little by little sift - correct answers done to add air, remove lumps, or to mix dry ingredients cream - correct answers to beat liquid ingredients together until soft and creamy usually with an electric mixer flour - correct answers lightly dust pan/meat w/ flour, confectioners, sugar, or cornmeal chill - correct answers to cool in the fridge knead - correct answers to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture fold - correct answers blend - correct answers mix together different elements 3 ways to measure fat - correct answers stick of butter, dry measuring cup-crisco, water displacement nutrients - correct answers Substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy the six nutrients - correct answers Carbohydrates, Water, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, Fats what are the 3 calorie producing nutrients? - correct answers proteins=4, CHO's=4, Fats=9 Name three body processes that burn calories all the time without effort? - correct answers breathing, creating new cells, digesting food Why do people eat? Who has an effect on what we eat? - correct answers it gives us security and social influences (psych needs) family and culture What four things have an effect on your basal metabolism? What are two factors that effect your metabolism? - correct answers age, body size, gender, and height heredity and activity What are the three different eating disorders that we have discussed and how do they differ? - correct answers anorexia=not eating, bulimia=binge eating and throwing it up, obesity=binge eating/unhealthy eating What is my plate - correct answers knowledge of servings, sizes, and food sources monosaturated fats - correct answers Liquid at room temperature, usually derived from plants. Considered a healthier form of fat as they do not cause disease. helps to lower LDL and raise HDL, the best choice polyunsaturated fats - correct answers seems to help lower bad cholesterol, vegetable oils come from mostly plants like soy and corn, liquid at room temp, high polys, the better choice Saturated fats - correct answers comes mostly from animal products, raises LDL cholesterol, which clogs arteries, solid at room temp, very poor choice Hydrogenated fats (trans fatty acids) - correct answers found in many foods, used to make firmer texture, results in transfatty acid (artificial fat,) linked to cancer carcinogens, hardest the worst kind list three effects that fat has on foods - correct answers flavor, texture, color Define cholesterol and identify two food sources. What are two ways to decrease cholesterol in your body? - correct answers A fat like/waxy substances present in all cells, LDL and HDL exercise and eating low cholesterol food HDL - correct answers picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to the liver where it can be broken down, happy cholesterol LDL - correct answers Causes narrowing which can slow or block blood flow and increase your risk of heart disease, lousy cholesterol What is CAD? List three controllable risk factors to prevent heart attack/stroke/death - correct answers coronary artery disease-occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle narrow or become blocked. Stress, lack of exercise, and smoking recommended percent of daily total fat - correct answers 30% recommended percent of daily saturated fat - correct answers 10% what is the main function of fat in your diet - correct answers used as and energy source list the three types of carbs and describe each type. give an example for each - correct answers simple=fructose, complex=apples, pasta and fiber=cellulose know the function and list two sources of complex carbs - correct answers starch=supplies nutrients and calories apples, potato fiber=sources fruits, veggies, dried beans, and peas Type 2 diabetes - correct answers progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin. Keep body is sugar control system functioning properly refined - correct answers purified, clarified, distilled whole grain - correct answers The entire edible portion of a grain kernel, including the bran, germ, and endosperm. contains original nutrition enriched - correct answers The addition to a food of nutrients that were lost during processing so that the food will meet a specified standard fortified - correct answers Nutrients added to a product that were not in the original product Identify the 3 parts of grain kernel and the nutrients each contains. which part is the least nutritious? - correct answers Germ=most, endo sperm=least, bran glucose - correct answers A simple sugar or starch; the main source of energy for the body. C6H12O6 is the formula sucrose - correct answers table sugar lactose - correct answers dairy fructose - correct answers fruit maltose - correct answers grain complete proteins - correct answers supplies all 9 essential amino acids ex: meat, eggs incomplete proteins - correct answers Dietary sources of protein that are missing one or more essential amino acids; found in plant sources of protein. three functions of protein in the body - correct answers builds and repairs body tissues, regulating body processes, stimulates the productions of some hormones, excess amount of protein is stored in the body as fat define amino acids - correct answers building blocks of proteins vegetarianism - correct answers A pattern of food intake that eliminates some or all animal products. vegan - correct answers only eat food from plant sources lacto-ovo - correct answers eat foods from plant sources, dairy and eggs what are the health concerns of a vegetarian diet? what does a vegetarian diet consist of? - correct answers iron deficiency and anemia, calcium deficiency, vitamin b2 and D deficiency, consists of low sat sat, low cholesterol, and high fiber define protein complementation and give examples - correct answers combing two or more foods to get essential amino acids ex: grains, seeds fat soluble - correct answers A, D, E, K