Food and Nutrition Exam 1 Questions With 100% Verified Correct Answers

What are the six types of nutrients? - correct answers Carbs, Protein, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water What nutrients supply energy? - correct answers Carbs, protein, and fats What nutrients supply growth, maintenance, support, or structure? - correct answers Proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water What nutrients regulate body processes? - correct answers Protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water What makes healthy eating? - correct answers Well-balanced diet, varied food, and moderation. What makes a well balanced diet? - correct answers healthy proportions of all nutrients What does it mean to have a varied diet? - correct answers sufficient amounts of nutrients and non-nutrients What constitutes moderation? - correct answers both crash diets and overconsumption are immoderate What are the five food groups on ChooseMyP? - correct answers Fruits, grains, vegetables, protein, and dairy. Who regulates food labels? - correct answers Food and drug administration What are the eight things included on a food label? - correct answers 1. Name of the food 2. Net weight 3. Name and address of manufacturer 4. List of ingredients 5. Nutrition information 6. Descriptive label terms (light, fat-free, etc.) 7. Health claims that are accurate and science based 8. Presence of allergens (milk, eggs, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat and soybeans What organs make up the alimentary canal? - correct answers Mouth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon of large intestine, appendix, rectum, anus What organs are accessory to the alimentary canal? - correct answers Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Describe the pathway food takes through the body from start to finish. - correct answers Food travels from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus Describe the process by which plaque forms within arteries - correct answers LDLs deposited along an injured artery's lining become oxidized; immune cells attracted to the site engulf the oxidized LDLs and transform into foam cells, which stick to the artery wall; foam cells accumulate, and with the arrival of platelets and various other circulating substances, thick deposits of plaque form. As the plaque deposit becomes larger, the artery becomes stiffened and narrowed internally, reducing blood flow through the vessel. What are the two types of simple carbs? - correct answers Monosaccharides (sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar) and Disaccharides (any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues) What three sugars make up monosaccharides? - correct answers Fructose, Glucose, and Galactose What three monosaccharide pairs make up disaccharides? - correct answers Sucrose (glucose and fructose), Maltose (glucose and glucose), and Lactose (glucose and galactose) What are complex carbs? - correct answers Polyssacharides (starch) - a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. What are the two types of polysaccharides? - correct answers Amylose (straight chain) and Amylopectin (branched) How much sugar can we have a day? - correct answers added sugar should be less than 25% of your daily calories What are the two best sources for sugar? - correct answers Natural sugar (fruits, dairy) and added sugar (table sugar, processed food) What are the two types of fiber? - correct answers insoluble fiber (cellulose) and pectin (soluble fiber) What are the three types of fats (lipids)? - correct answers Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols What are three examples of triglycerides? - correct answers Saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and trans fat What is an example of a phospholipid? - correct answers Lecithin What is an example of a sterol? - correct answers Cholesterol What are the three functions of of lipids (fats)? - correct answers Energy (heart, liver and muscle prefer fats as their fuel source), insulation and cushioning (bones, organs, nerves), fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K) What are amino acids? - correct answers a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group. Why is it ideal to get more complex than simple carbs? - correct answers they metabolize differently and help maintain the homeostasis of glucose in a better way What are the 9 types of essential amino acids? - correct answers Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine What are the 8 functions of proteins? - correct answers 1. Provide structural and mechanical support and maintenance 2. Build enzymes and hormones 3. Maintain fluid balance 4. Maintain acid-base balance 5. Transport substances 6. Provide antibodies for the immune response 7. Provide energy 8. Improve satiety What 5 things are on the "My Vegan Plate"? - correct answers Fruits, Grains, Vegetables, Proteins, Calcium (leafy greens, calcium-fortified soymilk and juices, tofu, etc.) What are the 5 health benefits to a vegan diet? - correct answers 1. Low blood cholesterol level. 2. Lower rates of death form heart disease 3. Lower blood pressure 4. Lower risk for type 2 diabetes 5. Lower risk for certain cancers (prostate and colon) What are 4 potential deficiencies a vegan may have? - correct answers 1. Protein 2. Iron, Zinc, Calcium 3. Vitamins D, B12, A 4. Omega-3 fatty acids What are the two types of vitamins? - correct answers Fat-soluble and water-soluble What are the four types of fat-soluble vitamins? - correct answers A, D, E, and K What are five examples of water-soluble vitamins? - correct answers Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Pyridoxine (B6) What percentage of the male and female body is water? - correct answers 59% male, 52% female What are the four functions of water in the body? - correct answers 1. Universal solvent (cell components, chemical reactions) 2. Transport medium (blood and lymph) 3. Lubricant and protective cushion (joints, eyes, saliva, mucus, brain, developing fetus) 4. Helps regulate body temperature (water in blood, sweat) What are the 7 major minerals that you need 100mg of every day? - correct answers Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium What are the 4 trace minerals you need 20mg of every day? - correct answers Iron, Zince, Copper, Iodine What are the 3 functions of major minerals? - correct answers 1. Sodium: balancing fluids between blood and cells 2. Potassium: heart, muscle and bones function 3. Calcium, Phosphorous and Magnesium: bones and teeth structure What are the 5 functions of trace minerals? - correct answers 1. Iron: Oxygen transport. Hemoglobin (red blood cells) and myoglobin (muscle) 2. Copper, zinc, manganese and molibdenum: Co-factors for enzymes 3. Selenium: antioxidant 4. Chromium: Insuline 5. Iodine: Thyroid hormones (metabolic rate) What is Type 1 Diabetes? - correct answers A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. The body's immune system destroys the cells that release insulin, eventually eliminating insulin production from the body. Without insulin, cells cannot absorb sugar (glucose), which they need to produce energy. What is Type 2 Diabetes? - correct answers A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). The body isn't able to use insulin the right way. This is called insulin resistance. As type 2 diabetes gets worse, the pancreas may make less and less insulin. This is called insulin deficiency. What are four intensive lifestyle interventions to combat diabetes? - correct answers 1. Weight loss of 5 to 7 percent of former body weight 2. Exercising 2.5 hours a week 3. Eating a plant-based, heart healthy diet 4. Meeting with a health professional for ongoing support and education What is heart disease? - correct answers a term encompassing several disorders affecting the heart, including problems with heart valves, heartbeat irregularities, infections, and other problems What is coronary heart disease? - correct answers Most common type of heart disease. Affects the blood vessels that serve the heart muscle and can lead to a heart attack. What is Atherosclerosis? - correct answers The narrowing of the coronary arteries and is thought to be caused by injury to the lining of the arteries. If the vessel becomes completely blocked, the tissue in that area of the heart muscle can die and the person can experience a heart attack. What are 5 dietary changes to decrease excess LDL Cholesterol? - correct answers 1. Consume less saturated fat, 2. consume less trans fat 3. Consume less dietary cholesterol 4. Consume more soluble fiber-rich foods 5. Consume a more plant based diet