Nutrition PC Practice Exam Questions And Answers

What are the key physiological processes of nutrition? - correct answers Oral intake, digestion, absorption, elimination, and cellular metabolism. What is required for normal oral intake? - correct answers The appropriate amount of food to meet macro and micronutrient needs, which change throughout the lifespan. What role do gastric acids play in digestion? - correct answers They begin to break down proteins into amino acids and carbohydrates into sugars. What is the function of pancreatic enzymes in digestion? - correct answers They finalize digestion in the small bowel, breaking down fats into fatty acids. What is the primary site for absorption of trace minerals? - correct answers The duodenum, which is the upper section of the intestinal tract. What nutrients are absorbed in the jejunum? - correct answers Water-soluble vitamins and proteins. What nutrients are absorbed in the ileum? - correct answers Fats and fat-soluble vitamins. What is the role of the colon in absorption? - correct answers The colon primarily absorbs water. What factors enhance elimination? - correct answers Proper fluid intake, fiber, and physical activity. What are the components of a nutritional assessment? - correct answers Subjective: Review of systems and health history; Objective: Anthropometric measurements and overall appearance. What is the primary source of fuel and energy in nutrition? - correct answers Carbohydrates and fiber. What are fat-soluble vitamins? - correct answers Vitamins A, D, E, and K. What are the nutritional concerns for infants? - correct answers Proper nutrition is vital for growth and reaching developmental milestones. What nutritional changes occur during pregnancy and lactation? - correct answers Increased needs for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and most micronutrients. What are the three types of malnutrition? - correct answers Starvation-related, acute disease-related, and chronic disease-related malnutrition. What is considered excessive nutrition? - correct answers Excessive caloric intake leading to obesity and related conditions. What are the classes of obesity based on BMI? - correct answers Class I (30 to 34.9), Class II (35 to 39.9), Class III (40). What is hyperlipidemia? - correct answers A condition resulting from excess nutrition characterized by elevated serum lipids. What factors can affect nutritional status? - correct answers Age, food intolerances, satiety, food insecurity, allergies, illness, religion/culture, genetics, and medications. What does low serum albumin indicate? - correct answers Low protein calorie malnutrition. What does blood glucose reflect? - correct answers Metabolism of carbohydrates. What does Hgb A1C measure? - correct answers A three-month average blood glucose level, used in managing Type II diabetes. What does a lipid profile assess? - correct answers Cholesterol levels, including both good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol. What information do electrolytes provide? - correct answers Levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. What do Hgb and Hct tests evaluate? - correct answers Red blood cell levels, used to test for anemia. What are the key components of clinical management in nutrition? - correct answers Healthy eating, physical activity, screening, collaborative interventions, dietary interventions, surgical interventions, enteral and parenteral nutrition, and pharmacologic agents. What are standard and elemental formulas in enteral nutrition? - correct answers Standard formulas are complete nutrition, while elemental formulas are easier to digest and absorb. What are the two lines of access for parenteral nutrition? - correct answers Peripheral (PPN) and central venous access (CVAD). What are some indications for using total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? - correct answers Patients with nonfunctional GI tracts, prolonged NPO status, critically ill patients, and those with chronic malnutrition. What is the role of lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition? - correct answers They prevent depletion of fatty acids and lower the risk of hyperglycemia. What are the nursing roles for LPNs with IV certification in parenteral nutrition? - correct answers Dressing changes, monitoring lab work and blood glucose, and administration set changes. What is dysphagia? - correct answers Difficulty swallowing, often related to neurological conditions. What are common signs of dysphagia? - correct answers Weak or hoarse voice, food pocketing, coughing after eating, and drooling. What are aspiration precautions for patients with dysphagia? - correct answers Keep the patient upright, ensure food meets requirements, introduce food slowly, and avoid straws. What are the levels of solid textures in a dysphagia diet? - correct answers Level 1: Pureed, Level 2: Mechanically altered, Level 3: Advanced. What are the thickness levels for liquids in a dysphagia diet? - correct answers Thin, nectar-like, honey-like, and spoon-thick. What is the nursing process in nutrition management? - correct answers Assessment, diagnosis, interventions/planning, evaluation, and educ