NAVLE FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● A 5 year old domestic short-haired spayed female cat is presented
with the complaints of anorexia, chronic vomiting, and weight loss.
Physical examination reveals icterus, dehydration, and fever. Thickened
small intestinal loops are appreciated with abdominal palpation, and
serum biochemistry shows increased bilirubin and liver enzymes.
The cat is diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with
accompanying cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Which one
of the following normal anatomic features may predispose cats to this
triad of diseases?
A - Narrowing of the duodenum distal to the entry of the common bile
and pancreatic ducts
B - Common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into
duodenum
C - Enlarged duodenal papilla in comparison to other species
D - Decreased proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin in muscle fibers
of the wall of the gall bladder in cats
E - Decreased diameter and increa.
,Answer: B
In cats, there is a common opening of the pancreatic and common bile
ducts into the duodenum. It is thought that this may predispose them to
ascending cholangitis and pancreatitis after vomiting associated with
inflammatory bowel disease, resulting in extrahepatic biliary
obstruction.
Other possible etiologies of EHBO include neoplasia, biliary stricture,
duodenal obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and parasitic infection.
In all cases, there is a lack of bile entry into the intestinal tract, leading
to decreased absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin
K, potentially resulting in coagulopathies.
Except in transient cases that are related to acute pancreatitis, surgical
intervention to relieve the obstruction is required as well as appropriate
supportive care, antimicrobial treatment, and vitamin K administration.
●● Most of a litter of European wild boar at a zoological park have died.
The surviving piglets are in lateral recumbency with a frothy nasal
discharge. Necropsy of the piglets reveals pulmonary edema and copious
fluid in the trachea and bronchi along with grayish- white necrotic foci
on the myocardium. Which one of the following diseases is the most
likely diagnosis?
,A - Edema disease
B - Encephalomyocarditis
C - Glasser's Disease
D - Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
E - Pseudorabies.
Answer: B
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is caused by a cardiovirus in the
family picornaviridae. Confusingly, the virus is named for its effects on
mice.
Think of rodents and exotic zoo mammals with EMCV. Pig-to-pig
contact, contamination of swine feed and water by rodents or ingestion
of dead rodents may cause disease. See pulmonary edema and copious
transudate in the respiratory tract, causing cardiac failure. Zoo outbreaks
of EMCV have included lions, African elephants, rhinos, hippos, sloths,
llamas, antelope and nonhuman primates. An outbreak of lion deaths at a
Florida zoo in the USA occurred after feeding them the carcass of an
African elephant that had died of EMCV.
Edema disease is a neurologic disease caused by a hemolytic
Escherichia coli producing Shiga toxin e2 and F18 pili resulting in high
mortality in recently-weaned pigs.
Glasser's Disease, caused by Hemophilus parasuis is usually an acute
disease of 6 to 8 week-old pigs which causes fibrinous arthritis,
polyserositis, and meningitis.
, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is an
arterivirus causing reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory
disease.
●● What is the main mode of transmission for feline leukemia virus?
A - Aerosol transmission
B - Shedding of virus via feces
C - Fomite transmission
D - Shedding of virus via saliva.
Answer: D
The correct answer is shedding of virus via saliva. The main mode of
transmission is via saliva. It requires prolonged, close contact. Cats may
shed the virus for months to years. Transmission may also occur through
reuse of instruments and blood. Virus is shed in saliva, tears, urine, and
feces.
●● You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves
between the age of 2 weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak,
dyspneic and die suddenly. On necropsy they have pale cardiac and
skeletal muscles. What is the farmer's problem?
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● A 5 year old domestic short-haired spayed female cat is presented
with the complaints of anorexia, chronic vomiting, and weight loss.
Physical examination reveals icterus, dehydration, and fever. Thickened
small intestinal loops are appreciated with abdominal palpation, and
serum biochemistry shows increased bilirubin and liver enzymes.
The cat is diagnosed with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with
accompanying cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Which one
of the following normal anatomic features may predispose cats to this
triad of diseases?
A - Narrowing of the duodenum distal to the entry of the common bile
and pancreatic ducts
B - Common opening of the pancreatic and common bile ducts into
duodenum
C - Enlarged duodenal papilla in comparison to other species
D - Decreased proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin in muscle fibers
of the wall of the gall bladder in cats
E - Decreased diameter and increa.
,Answer: B
In cats, there is a common opening of the pancreatic and common bile
ducts into the duodenum. It is thought that this may predispose them to
ascending cholangitis and pancreatitis after vomiting associated with
inflammatory bowel disease, resulting in extrahepatic biliary
obstruction.
Other possible etiologies of EHBO include neoplasia, biliary stricture,
duodenal obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and parasitic infection.
In all cases, there is a lack of bile entry into the intestinal tract, leading
to decreased absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin
K, potentially resulting in coagulopathies.
Except in transient cases that are related to acute pancreatitis, surgical
intervention to relieve the obstruction is required as well as appropriate
supportive care, antimicrobial treatment, and vitamin K administration.
●● Most of a litter of European wild boar at a zoological park have died.
The surviving piglets are in lateral recumbency with a frothy nasal
discharge. Necropsy of the piglets reveals pulmonary edema and copious
fluid in the trachea and bronchi along with grayish- white necrotic foci
on the myocardium. Which one of the following diseases is the most
likely diagnosis?
,A - Edema disease
B - Encephalomyocarditis
C - Glasser's Disease
D - Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
E - Pseudorabies.
Answer: B
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is caused by a cardiovirus in the
family picornaviridae. Confusingly, the virus is named for its effects on
mice.
Think of rodents and exotic zoo mammals with EMCV. Pig-to-pig
contact, contamination of swine feed and water by rodents or ingestion
of dead rodents may cause disease. See pulmonary edema and copious
transudate in the respiratory tract, causing cardiac failure. Zoo outbreaks
of EMCV have included lions, African elephants, rhinos, hippos, sloths,
llamas, antelope and nonhuman primates. An outbreak of lion deaths at a
Florida zoo in the USA occurred after feeding them the carcass of an
African elephant that had died of EMCV.
Edema disease is a neurologic disease caused by a hemolytic
Escherichia coli producing Shiga toxin e2 and F18 pili resulting in high
mortality in recently-weaned pigs.
Glasser's Disease, caused by Hemophilus parasuis is usually an acute
disease of 6 to 8 week-old pigs which causes fibrinous arthritis,
polyserositis, and meningitis.
, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), is an
arterivirus causing reproductive failure and post-weaning respiratory
disease.
●● What is the main mode of transmission for feline leukemia virus?
A - Aerosol transmission
B - Shedding of virus via feces
C - Fomite transmission
D - Shedding of virus via saliva.
Answer: D
The correct answer is shedding of virus via saliva. The main mode of
transmission is via saliva. It requires prolonged, close contact. Cats may
shed the virus for months to years. Transmission may also occur through
reuse of instruments and blood. Virus is shed in saliva, tears, urine, and
feces.
●● You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves
between the age of 2 weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak,
dyspneic and die suddenly. On necropsy they have pale cardiac and
skeletal muscles. What is the farmer's problem?
