2026-2027 Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And
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what is a refractory wound? - ANSWER -a chronic wound that
does not respond
normally to physiologic
treatment
full thickness wounds showing no improvement in 2-4 weeks
partial thickness wounds showing no improvement in 1-2 weeks
collgen and MMP inhibitor dressing - ANSWER -a protein
based dressing that
promotes intrinsic collagen and ECM production by binding to
excesive MMPs
electrical stimulation (e-stim) - ANSWER -electrical current
is delivered to the
wound and the periwound
tissues
,most often used in sstalled wounds to stimulate healing by
increasing blood flow
to the
area
hyperbaric oxygen treatment - ANSWER -chamber that allows
the pateint to breathe in 100% oxygen under pressure which
causes the oxygen to be driven into the blood and plasma
corrects hypoxemia, reduces edema, lessens bacterial toxic
affects, supports
collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and
epithelial migration
use for Diabetic wounds of LEs, radiation injuries,
comprimised grafts/flaps,
osteomyelitis, crush injuries, and
acute PAD
acellular and cellular skin substitutes - ANSWER -tissue-
engineered prodcuts
that stimulate cellular repair and tissue
regeneration
must be applied by APN, PA, or MD
myocutaneous flaps - ANSWER -surgical reconstructive
porcedure to close large gaping wounds by transferring skin
and underlying tissues to fill defect
,pressure injury - ANSWER -localized injury to the skin and/or
underlying tissue,
usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure
and/or shear
pressure injury pathophysiology - ANSWER -1. vascular
compression which results in reduced perfusion and tissue
ischemia 2. lymph vessel compression and edema
3. reperfusion injury after pressure is relieved
4. direct damage to muscle cell cytoskeleton
most common and second most common location for
pressure injury? -
ANSWER -1.
sacrum
2.
heel
risk factors for pressure injury - ANSWER -immobility,
reduced perfusion,
sensory loss,
moisture
obesity, diabetes, stroke, cardiopulmonary disease,
smoking, PVD,
undernutrition
, braden scale risk assessment - ANSWER -sensory
perception, moisture,
activity, mobility, nutrition, friction
and shear
less than 9: very
high risk
10-12: high
risk
13-14: moderate
risk
15-18: mild
risk
pediatric population braden QD scale - ANSWER -includes
device-related
pressure injury as pediatrics ar emore prone
to MDRPIs
stage 1 pressure injury - ANSWER -non-blanchable erythema of
intact skin
intact skin with an area of redness that is not blanchable
stage 2 pressure injury - ANSWER -partial thickness skin
loss with exposed
dermis