ATI PEDIATRICS (PEDS) CMS RETAKE EXAM (2025/2026) CHILD
HEALTH NURSING | GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT |
PEDIATRIC PRIORITIES AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
CHILD HEALTH NURSING | PRIORITIZATION | CLINICAL JUDGMENT | NGN-ALIGNED
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE & REMEDIATION GUIDE
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has rheumatic fever. Which of the following
statements by a parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "My child may take aspirin for his joint pain."
B. "My child will need a blood transfusion prior to discharge."
C. "I will need to wear a gown when I'm in my child's room."
D. "I will apply lotion to my child's peeling hands."
A. "My child may take aspirin for his joint pain."
A nurse is assessing an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse understands that the infant's
cyanosis is a compensatory response to which physiological process?
A. Decreased pulmonary blood flow leading to hypoxia and increased red blood cell (RBC)
production (polycythemia).
B. Increased systemic blood flow leading to hyperoxygenation and decreased RBC production.
C. Obstruction of systemic circulation leading to metabolic alkalosis and decreased RBC
production.
D. Increased pulmonary venous return leading to an overproduction of white blood cells.
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,A. Decreased pulmonary blood flow leading to hypoxia and increased red blood cell (RBC)
production (polycythemia).
A nurse is caring for an infant experiencing a hypercyanotic (Tet) spell due to Tetralogy of Fallot.
Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first?
A. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
B. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula.
C. Provide IV fluids to improve circulation.
D. Administer a beta-blocker as prescribed.
A. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
A nurse is caring for a child with a newly applied cast for a fractured tibia. Which of the
following findings should the nurse report immediately to the provider?
A. Capillary refill of 2 seconds in the affected limb.
B. Reports of increasing pain unrelieved by medication.
C. Slight swelling in the toes with normal movement.
D. Warmth and slight redness of the affected extremity.
B. Reports of increasing pain unrelieved by medication.
Increasing pain that is not relieved by medication is a hallmark sign of compartment syndrome,
a medical emergency caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, leading to
impaired circulation and possible tissue necrosis.
2|Page
,A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child who has a cast for a fractured
femur. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include regarding limb positioning
in the first 48 hours after injury?
A. Keep the affected limb below the level of the heart to promote arterial circulation.
B. Keep the affected limb at heart level to maintain neutral blood flow.
C. Keep the affected limb above the level of the heart to reduce swelling and promote venous
return.
D. Keep the affected limb flat to prevent increased pressure within the cast.
C. Keep the affected limb above the level of the heart to reduce swelling and promote venous
return.
A nurse is caring for a newborn receiving phototherapy for jaundice. Which of the following
findings indicates that the therapy is effective?
A. Yellow-tinged stools with occasional constipation.
B. Green stools and increased frequency of bowel movements.
C. Decreased urine output with dark amber-colored urine.
D. Generalized pallor and decreased muscle tone.
Answer: B. Green stools indicate accelerated bilirubin excretion, which is a desired effect of
phototherapy as it converts bilirubin into a more easily excretable form.
A nurse is teaching the parent of a child with mild respiratory distress about promoting lung
expansion. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
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, A. "I should encourage my child to remain as still as possible to conserve energy."
B. "I will have my child participate in light physical activity to help with breathing."
C. "I should restrict my child's fluid intake to prevent fluid accumulation in the lungs."
D. "I will have my child lie flat in bed to reduce respiratory effort."
Answer: B. Light physical activity promotes lung expansion and air exchange, which can help
prevent complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia.
A nurse is assessing the fine motor development of a 3-year-old child during a well-child visit.
Which of the following tasks should the nurse expect the child to perform?
A. Tie their shoelaces.
B. Button their shirt.
C. Put on their shoes.
D. Cut food with a knife.
C. Put on their shoes.
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child's ability to perform age-appropriate fine motor tasks.
Which of the following should the nurse expect the child to do?
A. Cut paper using scissors.
B. Write their full name.
C. Tie shoelaces independently.
D. Identify all the days of the week.
A. Cut paper using scissors.
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HEALTH NURSING | GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT |
PEDIATRIC PRIORITIES AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
CHILD HEALTH NURSING | PRIORITIZATION | CLINICAL JUDGMENT | NGN-ALIGNED
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE & REMEDIATION GUIDE
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has rheumatic fever. Which of the following
statements by a parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "My child may take aspirin for his joint pain."
B. "My child will need a blood transfusion prior to discharge."
C. "I will need to wear a gown when I'm in my child's room."
D. "I will apply lotion to my child's peeling hands."
A. "My child may take aspirin for his joint pain."
A nurse is assessing an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse understands that the infant's
cyanosis is a compensatory response to which physiological process?
A. Decreased pulmonary blood flow leading to hypoxia and increased red blood cell (RBC)
production (polycythemia).
B. Increased systemic blood flow leading to hyperoxygenation and decreased RBC production.
C. Obstruction of systemic circulation leading to metabolic alkalosis and decreased RBC
production.
D. Increased pulmonary venous return leading to an overproduction of white blood cells.
1|Page
,A. Decreased pulmonary blood flow leading to hypoxia and increased red blood cell (RBC)
production (polycythemia).
A nurse is caring for an infant experiencing a hypercyanotic (Tet) spell due to Tetralogy of Fallot.
Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first?
A. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
B. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula.
C. Provide IV fluids to improve circulation.
D. Administer a beta-blocker as prescribed.
A. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
A nurse is caring for a child with a newly applied cast for a fractured tibia. Which of the
following findings should the nurse report immediately to the provider?
A. Capillary refill of 2 seconds in the affected limb.
B. Reports of increasing pain unrelieved by medication.
C. Slight swelling in the toes with normal movement.
D. Warmth and slight redness of the affected extremity.
B. Reports of increasing pain unrelieved by medication.
Increasing pain that is not relieved by medication is a hallmark sign of compartment syndrome,
a medical emergency caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, leading to
impaired circulation and possible tissue necrosis.
2|Page
,A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child who has a cast for a fractured
femur. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include regarding limb positioning
in the first 48 hours after injury?
A. Keep the affected limb below the level of the heart to promote arterial circulation.
B. Keep the affected limb at heart level to maintain neutral blood flow.
C. Keep the affected limb above the level of the heart to reduce swelling and promote venous
return.
D. Keep the affected limb flat to prevent increased pressure within the cast.
C. Keep the affected limb above the level of the heart to reduce swelling and promote venous
return.
A nurse is caring for a newborn receiving phototherapy for jaundice. Which of the following
findings indicates that the therapy is effective?
A. Yellow-tinged stools with occasional constipation.
B. Green stools and increased frequency of bowel movements.
C. Decreased urine output with dark amber-colored urine.
D. Generalized pallor and decreased muscle tone.
Answer: B. Green stools indicate accelerated bilirubin excretion, which is a desired effect of
phototherapy as it converts bilirubin into a more easily excretable form.
A nurse is teaching the parent of a child with mild respiratory distress about promoting lung
expansion. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
3|Page
, A. "I should encourage my child to remain as still as possible to conserve energy."
B. "I will have my child participate in light physical activity to help with breathing."
C. "I should restrict my child's fluid intake to prevent fluid accumulation in the lungs."
D. "I will have my child lie flat in bed to reduce respiratory effort."
Answer: B. Light physical activity promotes lung expansion and air exchange, which can help
prevent complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia.
A nurse is assessing the fine motor development of a 3-year-old child during a well-child visit.
Which of the following tasks should the nurse expect the child to perform?
A. Tie their shoelaces.
B. Button their shirt.
C. Put on their shoes.
D. Cut food with a knife.
C. Put on their shoes.
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child's ability to perform age-appropriate fine motor tasks.
Which of the following should the nurse expect the child to do?
A. Cut paper using scissors.
B. Write their full name.
C. Tie shoelaces independently.
D. Identify all the days of the week.
A. Cut paper using scissors.
4|Page
