ASU BIO 340 EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT 2026 TEST BANK QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● genetic material characteristics.
Answer: replication, storage of information, expression of information,
and variation by mutation
●● transcription.
Answer: synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
●● translation.
Answer: chemical information in mRNA directs the construction of a
chain of amino acids, which then folds into a protein
●● central dogma of molecular genetics.
Answer: DNA makes RNA, which makes proteins
●● transformation.
Answer: heritable change in a cell or an organism brought about by
exogenous DNA; known to occur naturally and also used in recombinant
DNA studies
,●● retrovirus.
Answer: RNA virus that uses DNA as their hereditary material
●● reverse transcription.
Answer: RNA serves as a template for the synthesis of the
complementary DNA molecule
●● nucleotide.
Answer: structural unit consisting of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar,
and a phosphate group
●● guanine.
Answer: nine-member double ring purine, pairs with cytosine using 3
hydrogen bonds
●● adenine.
Answer: nine-member double ring purine, pairs with thymine in DNA
and uracil in RNA using 2 hydrogen bonds
●● cytosine.
Answer: six-member single ring pyrimidine, pairs with guanine using 3
hydrogen bonds
,●● thymine.
Answer: six-member single ring pyrimidine, pairs with adenine in DNA
using 2 hydrogen bonds
●● uracil.
Answer: six-member single ring pyrimidine, pairs with adenine in RNA
using 2 hydrogen bonds
●● ribose.
Answer: sugar found in ribonucleic acids
●● deoxyribose.
Answer: sugar found in deoxyribonucleic acids
●● nucleoside.
Answer: structural unit containing a nitrogenous base and pentose sugar
●● nucleoside triphosphate.
Answer: serves as the precursor molecule during nucleic acid synthesis
within the cell
●● phosphodiester bond.
, Answer: in nucleic acids, covalent bonds by which a phosphate group
links adjacent nucleotides, extending from the 5' carbon of one pentose
sugar to the 3' carbon of the pentose sugar in the neighboring nucleotide
●● oligonucleotide.
Answer: short chain consisting of up to 30 nucleotides linked together
●● polynucleotide.
Answer: long chain of nucleotides linked together
●● ribosomal RNA.
Answer: type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
●● messenger RNA.
Answer: RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the
assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
●● transfer RNA.
Answer: type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes
during protein synthesis
●● ribosome.
ASSESSMENT 2026 TEST BANK QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● genetic material characteristics.
Answer: replication, storage of information, expression of information,
and variation by mutation
●● transcription.
Answer: synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
●● translation.
Answer: chemical information in mRNA directs the construction of a
chain of amino acids, which then folds into a protein
●● central dogma of molecular genetics.
Answer: DNA makes RNA, which makes proteins
●● transformation.
Answer: heritable change in a cell or an organism brought about by
exogenous DNA; known to occur naturally and also used in recombinant
DNA studies
,●● retrovirus.
Answer: RNA virus that uses DNA as their hereditary material
●● reverse transcription.
Answer: RNA serves as a template for the synthesis of the
complementary DNA molecule
●● nucleotide.
Answer: structural unit consisting of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar,
and a phosphate group
●● guanine.
Answer: nine-member double ring purine, pairs with cytosine using 3
hydrogen bonds
●● adenine.
Answer: nine-member double ring purine, pairs with thymine in DNA
and uracil in RNA using 2 hydrogen bonds
●● cytosine.
Answer: six-member single ring pyrimidine, pairs with guanine using 3
hydrogen bonds
,●● thymine.
Answer: six-member single ring pyrimidine, pairs with adenine in DNA
using 2 hydrogen bonds
●● uracil.
Answer: six-member single ring pyrimidine, pairs with adenine in RNA
using 2 hydrogen bonds
●● ribose.
Answer: sugar found in ribonucleic acids
●● deoxyribose.
Answer: sugar found in deoxyribonucleic acids
●● nucleoside.
Answer: structural unit containing a nitrogenous base and pentose sugar
●● nucleoside triphosphate.
Answer: serves as the precursor molecule during nucleic acid synthesis
within the cell
●● phosphodiester bond.
, Answer: in nucleic acids, covalent bonds by which a phosphate group
links adjacent nucleotides, extending from the 5' carbon of one pentose
sugar to the 3' carbon of the pentose sugar in the neighboring nucleotide
●● oligonucleotide.
Answer: short chain consisting of up to 30 nucleotides linked together
●● polynucleotide.
Answer: long chain of nucleotides linked together
●● ribosomal RNA.
Answer: type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
●● messenger RNA.
Answer: RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the
assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
●● transfer RNA.
Answer: type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes
during protein synthesis
●● ribosome.
