NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology (NUR2063) / Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2026

NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology (NUR2063) /
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Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2026
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1. •Neither recessive nor dominant—co-dominant.
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• Hemoglobin S causes erythrocytes to be abnormally shaped.
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• Abnormal erythrocytes carry less oxygen and clog vessels, causing hypoxia and tissue ischemia.
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k Exercise-induced asthma k




k Chronic Bronchitis k




k k Sickle Cell Anemia k k




k Occupational asthma k




2. blood flow reestablished to quickly
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k Distributive shock k




k Anaphylactic shock k




k k Reprofusion injury k




k spinal cord injury k k




3. •Life-threatening complication of many conditions k k k k




• Results from an inappropriate immune response
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• Widespread coagulation followed by massive bleeding because of the depletion of clotting factors
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• Complications: shock and multisystem organ failure k k k k k




k k Disseminated intravascular coagulation - DIC k k k k




k k Chronic Bronchitis Manifestations and Treatment
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k k Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation DIC k k k




k Traumatic Brain Injury Complications k k k




4. thyroidgland -T3,T4,calcitonin
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parathyroid gland - parathyroid hormone
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k k during acute respiratory failure k k k




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, k stress incontinence k




k secondary brain injury k k




k k Glands that regulate calcium k k k




5. altered level of consciousnessk k k




k BPdrops
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HRgoesup k k




k hypotensive


k k Glands that regulate calcium k k k




k spinal cord injury k k




k k shock sighs and symptoms k k k




k Reprofusion injury k




6. chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself does
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k not get betterk k




k hemorrhagic stroke k




k Bone electrolytes k




k sickle cell crisis k k




k k unstable angina k




7. Abnormallylowwhite blood cellcount k k k k k




• Normal range = 5,000 to 10,000 cells/mL3 blood
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k beta cells k




k k Leukopenia


k Pneumonia

k CT scan k




8. damage to the alveoli k k k




air can get in, but not out
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k k emphysema lecture k




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, k Normal CO2 levels k k




k anemia symptoms k




k Stabilize the patient k k




9. Manifestations


• May be vague and develop slowly, or may be sudden and severe.
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• Symptoms may improve and then suddenly worsen. k k k k k k




• The outward appearance of the head is not an indication of the injury severity.
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• Not being able to recall event details
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• Indications of a concussion k k k




• Changes in or unequal pupil size k k k k k




• Seizures
• Asymmetricalfacial features k k




• Fluid draining from the nose, mouth, or ears
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• Fracture of skullor face k k k k




• Bruising of face k k




• Swelling at site of injury k k k k




• Scalp wound k




• Impaired hearing, smell, taste, speech, or vision
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• Inability to move one or more limbs k k k k k k




• Irritability (especially in children) k k k




• Personality changes k




• Unusual behavior k




• Loss of consciousness
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• Bradypnea
• Hypotension
• Restlessness
• Lack of coordination
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• Lethargy
• Stiff neckk




• Vomiting


k k Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Manifestations and Treatment
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k Acute Bronchitis Manifestations k k




k k Tuberculosis Manifestations and Treatment k k k




k k Traumatic Brain Injury Manifestations k k k




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, 10. not enough ADH
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k Alkalosis


k Stable Angina k




k spinal cord injury k k




k k diabetes insipidus k




11. -Homozygous.
-Most severe. k




-Almost all erythrocytes are sickled.
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k Cushing's syndrome k




k sickle cell crisis k k




k k Sickle cell disease k k




k Normal CO2 levels k k




12. •Frequently caused by aspirin—prevents the conversion of prostaglandins, which stimulate leukotriene release, a
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k powerfulbronchoconstrictor. k




• Can befatal. k k




• Reactions can be delayed up to 12 hours afterdrug ingestion.
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k Acute Bronchitis k




k k Drug-induced asthma k




k stress incontinence k




k Tuberculosis TB k




13. pulmonaryedema, k




wet coughing,
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k shortness of breath, k k




and dyspnea
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k k Acute lymphoblastic leukemiak k




k k Left sided heart failure symptoms
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k k Right sided heart failure symptoms
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k CerebralVascularAccident (CVA) k k k




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