COMPTIA NETWORK+ (N10-009) EXAM 2026
COMPLETE EXAM PRACTICE WITH MARK
SCHEME
◉ Content Delivery Network (CDN) Answer: - Geographically
distributed caching servers (for faster data transfer)
* Duplicate the data
* Users get the data from a local server
◉ Virtual Private Network (VPN) Answer: Secure private data
traversing a public network, encrypted communication on an
insecure medium
◉ VPN concentrator / head-end Answer: An access device that
offers high-speed encryption/decryption, often integrated into a
firewall
◉ Quality of Service (QoS) Answer: - also called traffic shaping or
packet shaping
- allows administrators to control applications by bandwidth or data
rates
- set important apps to have higher priority than others
- Manage the QoS
,* Routers, switches, firewalls, QoS devices
◉ Time to Live (TTL) Answer: - Since systems/protocols are not self-
regulating, we add a TTL that tells a system when to stop doing an
action
- Many different uses
* Drop a packet caught in a loop
* Clear a cache
◉ How is TTL utilized in IP versus DNS? Answer: TTL in IP is
measured in hops (how many routers the packet goes through)
while DNS is measured by seconds
◉ How do you stop routing loops? Answer: - Time to Live (TTL)
- Make sure routers have a clear path to destination (common
mistake, especially with static routing)
◉ IP (Internet Protocol) Answer: Routing protocol that is in charge
of forwarding packets on the Internet.
◉ DNS (Domain Name System) Answer: Resolve an IP address from
a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN)
,◉ FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) Answer: The host name
combined with the host's domain name.
◉ FQDN Syntax Answer: in the address www.shop.example.com the
".com" is the top-level domain, "example" is the second-level domain
name, "shop" is the subdomain, and the "www" is the hostname.
◉ DNS TTL Answer: A device caches the lookup for TTL seconds
long
◉ Default IP TTL on macOS, Linux, and Windows? Answer:
macOS/Linux = 64 hops
Windows = 128 hops
◉ Multitenant / Multitenancy Answer: Many different clients using
the same cloud infrastructure
◉ How does cloud computing work? Answer: A bunch of physical
servers can become ONE physical server with a bunch of virtual
servers there in
* These can be managed from the hypervisor (essentially, a
hypervisor is a cloud manager)
* Same functionality as a physical device (routing, switching, load
balancing, firewalls, etc)
, * Quickly deploy each of these network functions with the push of a
button from the hypervisor
◉ Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Answer: A private network segment
made available to a single cloud consumer within a public cloud
◉ How does the VPC work? Answer: - A pool of resources is created
in a public cloud for a private individual
- It is common to create many VPCs (many different cloud apps)
- A device in the middle of these VPCs, called a transit gateway,
functions as a "cloud router", connecting them and allowing the
appropriate communications
◉ What is the best practice for VPC security? Answer: Connect to a
transit gateway through a VPN
◉ How do you make cloud application instances available to anyone
on the internet? Answer: Use a Virtual Private Cloud Gateway /
Internet Gateway
◉ VPC NAT Gateway Answer: Allows private cloud subnets to
connect to external resources
COMPLETE EXAM PRACTICE WITH MARK
SCHEME
◉ Content Delivery Network (CDN) Answer: - Geographically
distributed caching servers (for faster data transfer)
* Duplicate the data
* Users get the data from a local server
◉ Virtual Private Network (VPN) Answer: Secure private data
traversing a public network, encrypted communication on an
insecure medium
◉ VPN concentrator / head-end Answer: An access device that
offers high-speed encryption/decryption, often integrated into a
firewall
◉ Quality of Service (QoS) Answer: - also called traffic shaping or
packet shaping
- allows administrators to control applications by bandwidth or data
rates
- set important apps to have higher priority than others
- Manage the QoS
,* Routers, switches, firewalls, QoS devices
◉ Time to Live (TTL) Answer: - Since systems/protocols are not self-
regulating, we add a TTL that tells a system when to stop doing an
action
- Many different uses
* Drop a packet caught in a loop
* Clear a cache
◉ How is TTL utilized in IP versus DNS? Answer: TTL in IP is
measured in hops (how many routers the packet goes through)
while DNS is measured by seconds
◉ How do you stop routing loops? Answer: - Time to Live (TTL)
- Make sure routers have a clear path to destination (common
mistake, especially with static routing)
◉ IP (Internet Protocol) Answer: Routing protocol that is in charge
of forwarding packets on the Internet.
◉ DNS (Domain Name System) Answer: Resolve an IP address from
a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN)
,◉ FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) Answer: The host name
combined with the host's domain name.
◉ FQDN Syntax Answer: in the address www.shop.example.com the
".com" is the top-level domain, "example" is the second-level domain
name, "shop" is the subdomain, and the "www" is the hostname.
◉ DNS TTL Answer: A device caches the lookup for TTL seconds
long
◉ Default IP TTL on macOS, Linux, and Windows? Answer:
macOS/Linux = 64 hops
Windows = 128 hops
◉ Multitenant / Multitenancy Answer: Many different clients using
the same cloud infrastructure
◉ How does cloud computing work? Answer: A bunch of physical
servers can become ONE physical server with a bunch of virtual
servers there in
* These can be managed from the hypervisor (essentially, a
hypervisor is a cloud manager)
* Same functionality as a physical device (routing, switching, load
balancing, firewalls, etc)
, * Quickly deploy each of these network functions with the push of a
button from the hypervisor
◉ Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Answer: A private network segment
made available to a single cloud consumer within a public cloud
◉ How does the VPC work? Answer: - A pool of resources is created
in a public cloud for a private individual
- It is common to create many VPCs (many different cloud apps)
- A device in the middle of these VPCs, called a transit gateway,
functions as a "cloud router", connecting them and allowing the
appropriate communications
◉ What is the best practice for VPC security? Answer: Connect to a
transit gateway through a VPN
◉ How do you make cloud application instances available to anyone
on the internet? Answer: Use a Virtual Private Cloud Gateway /
Internet Gateway
◉ VPC NAT Gateway Answer: Allows private cloud subnets to
connect to external resources
