COMPTIA NETWORK+ (N10-009) EXAM 2026
EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS AND MODEL
RESPONSES
◉ Hybrid cloud Answer: Mixture of private and public clouds
◉ Software as a Service (SaaS) Answer: - on-demand software with
no local installation, managed elsewhere
- examples include Google Mail, Office 365
◉ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Answer: - outsource your
equipment
- you're still responsible for the management and security
- your data is out there but more within your control
- example: web server providers
◉ Platform as a Service (PaaS) Answer: - Someone else handles the
problem, you handle the development of the application
- ex. app builders, Microsoft Azure
◉ Describe the parts of an Ethernet frame Answer: - Preamble + SFD
= first two parts; we often don't see; identify the beginning of an
,Ethernet frame and lets a system know everything after the SFD is
an Ethernet frame
- Destination & Source MAC addresses
- Type or EtherType = type of data we would expect to see in the rest
of the frame
- Payload = data
- FCS = checksum that can be calculated quickly that tells us if
anything in the frame is corrupted
* CRC error if corruption is found
◉ IPv4 Socket Answer: - Server IP address, protocol, server
application port number
OR
- Client IP address, protocol, client port number
◉ Non-ephemeral ports Answer: ports 0-1023 (permanent port
numbers), usually on a server or service
◉ Ephemeral ports Answer: ports 1024-65535 (temporary port
numbers), usually clients
◉ What ports can TCP and UDP use? Answer: - Can be any number
between 0 and 65,535
- Can use TCP 80 and UDP 80 at the same time on the same device
,◉ FTP (File Transport Protocol) Answer: - transfers files between
systems
- generic file sending method, not OS specific
- TCP/20 (the file share itself), TCP/21 (control information)
* No encryption, authenticates with username and password
◉ SSH (Secure Shell) Answer: - text-based control communication
- encryption communication link -- TCP/22
◉ SFTP (Secure FTP) Answer: - generic file sending with security,
encryption
- uses the SSH protocol (TCP/22)
- Provides file system functionality, remote communication as well
◉ Telnet (Telecommunication Network) Answer: - tcp/23
- console access like SSH, but NO encryption, not used much
anymore
◉ SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Answer: - server to server
email transfer
- tcp/25 using plaintext
- tcp/587 using TLS encryption
, - other protocols are used for clients to receive email (IMAP, POP3)
◉ TLS (Transport Layer Security) Answer: encrypts data sent over
the Internet to ensure that eavesdroppers and hackers are unable to
see what you transmit
◉ SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) Answer: a security protocol that
encrypts data sent between a user's computer and a website or
server
◉ DNS port number Answer: UDP/53 (TCP/53 for large transfers)
◉ DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Answer: •
Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask
and other options
• udp/67, udp/68
• Requires a DHCP server
• Server, appliance, integrated into a SOHO router, etc.
• Dynamic / pooled
• IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool
• Each system is given a lease and must renew
at set intervals
• DHCP reservation
EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS AND MODEL
RESPONSES
◉ Hybrid cloud Answer: Mixture of private and public clouds
◉ Software as a Service (SaaS) Answer: - on-demand software with
no local installation, managed elsewhere
- examples include Google Mail, Office 365
◉ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Answer: - outsource your
equipment
- you're still responsible for the management and security
- your data is out there but more within your control
- example: web server providers
◉ Platform as a Service (PaaS) Answer: - Someone else handles the
problem, you handle the development of the application
- ex. app builders, Microsoft Azure
◉ Describe the parts of an Ethernet frame Answer: - Preamble + SFD
= first two parts; we often don't see; identify the beginning of an
,Ethernet frame and lets a system know everything after the SFD is
an Ethernet frame
- Destination & Source MAC addresses
- Type or EtherType = type of data we would expect to see in the rest
of the frame
- Payload = data
- FCS = checksum that can be calculated quickly that tells us if
anything in the frame is corrupted
* CRC error if corruption is found
◉ IPv4 Socket Answer: - Server IP address, protocol, server
application port number
OR
- Client IP address, protocol, client port number
◉ Non-ephemeral ports Answer: ports 0-1023 (permanent port
numbers), usually on a server or service
◉ Ephemeral ports Answer: ports 1024-65535 (temporary port
numbers), usually clients
◉ What ports can TCP and UDP use? Answer: - Can be any number
between 0 and 65,535
- Can use TCP 80 and UDP 80 at the same time on the same device
,◉ FTP (File Transport Protocol) Answer: - transfers files between
systems
- generic file sending method, not OS specific
- TCP/20 (the file share itself), TCP/21 (control information)
* No encryption, authenticates with username and password
◉ SSH (Secure Shell) Answer: - text-based control communication
- encryption communication link -- TCP/22
◉ SFTP (Secure FTP) Answer: - generic file sending with security,
encryption
- uses the SSH protocol (TCP/22)
- Provides file system functionality, remote communication as well
◉ Telnet (Telecommunication Network) Answer: - tcp/23
- console access like SSH, but NO encryption, not used much
anymore
◉ SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Answer: - server to server
email transfer
- tcp/25 using plaintext
- tcp/587 using TLS encryption
, - other protocols are used for clients to receive email (IMAP, POP3)
◉ TLS (Transport Layer Security) Answer: encrypts data sent over
the Internet to ensure that eavesdroppers and hackers are unable to
see what you transmit
◉ SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) Answer: a security protocol that
encrypts data sent between a user's computer and a website or
server
◉ DNS port number Answer: UDP/53 (TCP/53 for large transfers)
◉ DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Answer: •
Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask
and other options
• udp/67, udp/68
• Requires a DHCP server
• Server, appliance, integrated into a SOHO router, etc.
• Dynamic / pooled
• IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool
• Each system is given a lease and must renew
at set intervals
• DHCP reservation
