CONCEPTS OF AGING AND CHRONIC
ILLNESS EXAM 1 FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+
◉ Which microorganism is known to cause retinitis in people with
HIV/AIDS?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cytomegalovirus
Pneumocystis carinii
Mycobacterium avium. Answer: Cytomegalovirus
◉ A client with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10 to 12 loose stools a
day. What medication may help this client with controlling the
chronic diarrhea?
Rifaximin
Octreotide
Atropine diphenoxylate
Bismuth subsalicylate. Answer: Octreotide
◉ When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?
In utero
Through casual contact
,Through breastfeeding
After exposure during delivery. Answer: After exposure during
delivery
◉ A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and
arrives in the clinic requesting HIV testing. Results determine a
negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral load. What stage
does the nurse determine the patient is in?
Latent infection
Tertiary infection
Secondary infection
Primary infection. Answer: Primary infection
◉ A home health nurse will soon begin administering IVIG to a new
client on a regular basis. What teaching should the nurse provide to
the client?
Technique for managing and monitoring daily fluid intake
Expected benefits and outcomes of the treatment
The need for a sterile home environment
Complementary alternatives to IVIG. Answer: Expected benefits and
outcomes of the treatment
◉ A client with paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, a deficiency of
complement proteins, reports headache and weakness of the right
,arm and leg. Based on these symptoms, for which health
complication should the nurse assess?
Edema in subcutaneous tissues of the extremities
Bacterial meningitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cerebral venous thrombosis. Answer: Cerebral venous thrombosis
◉ A nurse is teaching a client with immunodeficiency about the
signs and symptoms of infection to report. The nurse determines
that the teaching was successful when the client makes which
statement?
"Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an infection."
"A dry cough is just irritation, but one with mucous means an
infection."
"I might notice a swollen lymph node or two, but this is normal."
"A fever over 101 degrees is the most common sign of infection.".
Answer: "Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an
infection."
◉ A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with an
immunodeficiency. What would the nurse need to emphasize? Select
all that apply.
Prophylactic medication regimens
Signs and symptoms of bleeding
, Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
Need to interrupt therapy for short periods
Ways to manage stress. Answer: Prophylactic medication regimens
Ways to manage stress
Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
◉ A client on antiretroviral drug therapy informs the nurse about
sometimes forgetting to take the medication for a few days. What
should the nurse inform the client can occur when the medications
are not taken as prescribed?
The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications.
The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure
compliance.
The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking
the meds correctly.
The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug
failure.. Answer: The client is risking the development of drug
resistance and drug failure.
◉ A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I
have another vaginal infection and I also have some wart-like lesions
on my vagina. This is happening quite often." Which nursing action is
the priority for this client?
Provide a prescribed topical antifungal agent to treat the client's
vaginal infection.
ILLNESS EXAM 1 FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+
◉ Which microorganism is known to cause retinitis in people with
HIV/AIDS?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cytomegalovirus
Pneumocystis carinii
Mycobacterium avium. Answer: Cytomegalovirus
◉ A client with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10 to 12 loose stools a
day. What medication may help this client with controlling the
chronic diarrhea?
Rifaximin
Octreotide
Atropine diphenoxylate
Bismuth subsalicylate. Answer: Octreotide
◉ When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?
In utero
Through casual contact
,Through breastfeeding
After exposure during delivery. Answer: After exposure during
delivery
◉ A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and
arrives in the clinic requesting HIV testing. Results determine a
negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral load. What stage
does the nurse determine the patient is in?
Latent infection
Tertiary infection
Secondary infection
Primary infection. Answer: Primary infection
◉ A home health nurse will soon begin administering IVIG to a new
client on a regular basis. What teaching should the nurse provide to
the client?
Technique for managing and monitoring daily fluid intake
Expected benefits and outcomes of the treatment
The need for a sterile home environment
Complementary alternatives to IVIG. Answer: Expected benefits and
outcomes of the treatment
◉ A client with paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, a deficiency of
complement proteins, reports headache and weakness of the right
,arm and leg. Based on these symptoms, for which health
complication should the nurse assess?
Edema in subcutaneous tissues of the extremities
Bacterial meningitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cerebral venous thrombosis. Answer: Cerebral venous thrombosis
◉ A nurse is teaching a client with immunodeficiency about the
signs and symptoms of infection to report. The nurse determines
that the teaching was successful when the client makes which
statement?
"Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an infection."
"A dry cough is just irritation, but one with mucous means an
infection."
"I might notice a swollen lymph node or two, but this is normal."
"A fever over 101 degrees is the most common sign of infection.".
Answer: "Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an
infection."
◉ A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with an
immunodeficiency. What would the nurse need to emphasize? Select
all that apply.
Prophylactic medication regimens
Signs and symptoms of bleeding
, Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
Need to interrupt therapy for short periods
Ways to manage stress. Answer: Prophylactic medication regimens
Ways to manage stress
Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
◉ A client on antiretroviral drug therapy informs the nurse about
sometimes forgetting to take the medication for a few days. What
should the nurse inform the client can occur when the medications
are not taken as prescribed?
The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications.
The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure
compliance.
The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking
the meds correctly.
The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug
failure.. Answer: The client is risking the development of drug
resistance and drug failure.
◉ A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I
have another vaginal infection and I also have some wart-like lesions
on my vagina. This is happening quite often." Which nursing action is
the priority for this client?
Provide a prescribed topical antifungal agent to treat the client's
vaginal infection.
