NURS 4180 F&C FINAL ,RAT Q& A / NURS4180 F&C FINAL ,RAT Q& A:LATEST 2021,100% CORRECT

NURS 4180 F&C FINAL ,RAT Q& A / NURS4180 F&C FINAL ,RAT Q& A:LATEST 2021,100% CORRECT NURS 4180 F & C FINAL: RAT QUESTIONS & ANSERS 2020 RATS Question 1 A community health nurse is preparing a presentation for a community group about possible agents of terrorism. Which of the following would the nurse include as an example of a bioweapon? Select all that apply. A. Bombs B. Mustard gas C. VX gas D. Sarin E. Nerve agents Question 2 A community health nurse is working with a community that is involved with improving community and individual reaction and responses, so that the effects of a disaster are minimized. This community is in which phase of disaster management? A. Response B. Prevention C. Preparedness D. Recovery Question 3 When describing primary prevention activities that would occur in the preparedness phase of a terrorist attack involving biologic weapons like smallpox or anthrax to a local community group, which of the following would the nurse include? A. Screening suspected cases B. Treating persons who have been infected C. Administering vaccines D. Investigating outbreaks to determine source Question 4 A community health nurse working as a part of a disaster response team is told that the disaster is classified as a multiple-casualty incident. The nurse would interpret this to mean which of the following? A. There is more than 1 but less than 10 casualties. B. There are too many casualties to count. C. The number of casualties is between 2 and 100. D. Casualties number over 100. Question 5 A group of ten people from the commune in the hills come into town dressed in robes and have their faces covered. They have weapons hidden in their clothing and begin entering the three banks in town to rob them. These actions can be classified as which of the following? A. Casualty B. Terrorism C. Adventitious crisis D. Natural disaster Question 6 Which of the following would be most appropriate for community health nurses to encourage when helping communities cope with the anxiety associated with terrorism? A. Spending more time indoors B. Keeping a fear journal C. Spending time with children and young people D. Maintaining high levels of alertness and fear Question 7 After teaching a class about the factors that contribute to disasters, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the agent? A. Population's age B. Level of preparedness C. Radiation D. Flood-prone location Question 8 Which of the following federal agencies would a community health nurse expect to be contacted to assist with a disaster in the United States? A. American Red Cross B. Pan American Health Organization C. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) D. WHO's Emergency Relief Operations Question 9 When performing triage during a disaster, which color would indicate that the victim is in urgent need of care? A. Black B. Yellow C. Red D. Green Question 10 A community health nurse responding to a disaster is involved with caring for the bodies of the casualties who have died. Which of the following would be an appropriate method for documentation? A. Placing the name on a casualty list B. Making a note on the triage tag C. Recording the name on the victim's body D. Using a toe tag for identification Question 11 You are a community health nurse you have to compile community programs based on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures. Using your knowledge that Leavell and Clark developed a conceptual model for the natural history of any disease affecting humans, what is an example of tertiary prevention? A. Focus on early diagnosis and prompt treatment of the disease B. Prevent the onset of a disease in a population of well people C. Rehabilitation measures that enable the individual to function at maximum capability D. Focus on limiting and resulting disabilities of the disease Question 12 A community health nurse is looking for data on the use of nursing home services and the common diagnoses of those using these services. Which source of information would be most appropriate for the nurse to investigate? A. Environmental Protection Agency B. Consumer Product Safety Commission C. Cancer disease registries D. National Center for Health Statistics Question 13 A community health nurse is participating in a case–control observational study. Which of the following would most likely explain this type of study? A. Studying of a cohort with evaluation of variables associated with the disease or injury B. Investigation of development of health–illness conditions over a long period of time C. Description of patterns of occurrence of illness and injury in a population D. Comparison of persons with and without a health–illness condition Question 14 During which stage of the natural history of a communicable disease would quarantine be most effective? A. Susceptibility stage B. Subclinical disease stage C. Resolution stage D. Clinical disease stage Question 15 You are an epidemiologist nurse in your country and are preparing a chart to review epidemiologic statistics of the community. Using your knowledge that the primary way to demonstrate prevention or control of a health problem is to compare epidemiologic statistics, when should this review be done? A. Before and after implementation of the health service B. During and after implementation of the health service C. Before and during implementation of the health service D. Before implementation of the health service Question 16 During the orientation of the new community health nurse to your agency you are describing epidemiologic models. Using your knowledge about the various epidemiologic models, what model strongly emphasizes the concept of multiple causation while de-emphasizing the role of agents in explaining illness? A. Epidemiologic triad B. Wheel of causation C. Natural history D. Web of causation Question 17 While visiting a family's home, the community health nurse finds out that the two children in the home were exposed to chickenpox. Assessment of the children reveals no signs of fever or lesions. The nurse determines that the children may be in which stage of the disease? A. Resolution B. Susceptibility C. Subclinical disease D. Clinical disease Question 18 You have just completed a new client assessment on a patient in the community. Using your knowledge that a common process is to assess individuals for risk factors that have been associated with a disease or illness, what are risk factors? A. Course of a disease or condition from the onset to resolution B. Probability or likelihood that a disease or illness will occur in a group of people who presently do not have the problem C. Characteristics or events that have been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop D. Primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness Question 19 When implementing an epidemiologic research study, which of the following would the community health nurse complete as the final step? A. Design the study B. Disseminate findings C. Disseminate findings D. Analyze the data Question 20 The nurse is reviewing actual census data for information for use in an epidemiologic study. Which of the following would the nurse be least likely to find? A. Educational level B. Housing quality C. Occupational status D. Births recorded Question 21 Which of the following statements apply to the concept of causality? Select all that apply. A. Epidemiology has changed its view of causality over time. B. Causality is the relationship between cause and effect. C. The chain of causation is the most recent theory of causality. D. The web of causation theory is the most recent theory of causality. Question 22 A community health nurse is preparing to carry out an experimental epidemiologic study. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do? A. Ensure carefully controlled conditions during the study B. Ensure that there are a substantial number of subjects C. Focus the study on evaluating the cause of a disease D. Expose both groups to the same factor or condition Question 23 You are a community health nurse and are preparing for the new orientation about the care of individual and community clients. Using your knowledge about the community, who has the best potential to link environmental exposure to illness and disease? A. Medical examiner B. Nurse C. Primary care provider D. Nurse practitioner Question 24 As public health nurse you have to document the course of your client's condition from the onset to resolution Using your knowledge about the natural history of most illnesses, what stages will be included in the documentation? select all that apply A. Resolution B. Pathological onset stage C. Presymptomatic stage D. Manifestation of clinical disease Question 25 As an epidemiologist community health nurse you know that early attempts to understand illness and disease focused on the study of the experiences of individual people. Using this knowledge, how would you define epidemiology to a group of nursing students? A. Epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes the concept of multiple causation while de-emphasizing the role of agents in explain illness B. Study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations C. An outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally found in the population D. Model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and environment Question 26 When reviewing the trends in communicable diseases for a county, the community health nurse notes that there was an increased incidence of Lyme's disease. The nurse develops a plan for prevention and control integrating the understanding that this disease is most likely transmitted by which mode? A. Airborne B. Vehicle-borne C. Vector D. Direct Question 27 The nurse educator has just discussed education of aggregates using mass media with targeting health messages. Which of the following statements by the nursing student would demonstrate the student's ability to analyze and apply the information? A. It is unnecessary to consider culture when planning the health message. B. The target audience must be assessed for educational level, salience of the issue, involvement in the issue, and access to the media channel used. C. Pamphlets should be assessed to make sure they are at a twelfth grade reading level. D. Television would be the most important venue of mass media to educate the aggregate as everyone has a television Question 28 When reporting the identification of a communicable disease and need for investigation, which of the following must be notified first? A. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) B. Local health department C. National Reported Disease list D. State health department Question 29 Which one of the following statements is true about the consequences of biologic terrorism with anthrax and smallpox? A. As many as one in five persons who become ill with cutaneous anthrax die and inhalation anthrax can cause death in 3 to 5 days. B. Most adults are immune to smallpox due to routine immunization. C. Smallpox is globally eradicated and therefore does not present a problem. D. Anthrax is not usually spread by person to person contact and so is not a good agent of biological terrorism. Question 30 Community health nurses practice within the three levels of prevention. Which of the following would the community health nurse engage in at the primary level of prevention for communicable disease control? Select all that apply. A. Encouraging parents to complete their children's immunizations B. Providing chest x-rays to people with positive TB skin tests C. Administering prompt treatment for the symptoms of gonorrhea D. Teaching kindergarten students to wash their hands E. Administering immunizations to senior citizens F. Providing TB skin test to children entering kindergarten Question 31 A community health nurse is presenting a program about hepatitis prevention and risk reduction to a local community group. The nurse determines that the group has understood the program when they identify which method as the major mode of transmission for hepatitis B? A. Oral fecal route B. Infected rodents, such as mice and rats C. Airborne droplet nuclei D. Exposure to contaminated blood Question 32 After a community health nurse implements an educational program for a local community group about food safety, which statement indicates that the teaching was successful? A. Our cooked foods should be cooled quickly. B. If we peel the carrots, we don't need to wash them before eating. C. After cooking the meat, we'll put it on the same platter that we used for the raw meat. D. Handwashing is unnecessary if we use gloves. Question 33 The three main approaches to the tertiary prevention of communicable disease include which of the 5 mmfollowing? A. Care and treatment, isolation and quarantine, and safe handling and control of infectious wastes B. Education, immunization, and screening C. Case and contact investigation, notification, and treatment D. Screening, immunization, and isolation and quarantine Question 34 A family member has developed tuberculosis (TB) and the remainder of the family members are undergoing tuberculosis skin testing to determine their status. The nurse assesses the indurations and determines that a family member with which size induration is positive for TB? A. 3 mm B. 2 mm C. 5 mm D. 4 mm Question 35 The overriding purpose of collaboration in community health practice is to benefit the public’s health. True False Question 36 A community health nurse is evaluating a population for socioeconomic resources. Which of the following would the nurse address? Adequacy of health care providers Quality of care provided Educational opportunities Access to health care services Question 37 Which one of the following statements is true regarding social capital? Social capital includes marital status and family structure. Examples of social capital are education and job training. Social capital includes investments in individuals' capabilities and skills. Social capital includes jobs, income, housing, and education. Question 38 After teaching a group of students about the socioeconomic gradient in health, the instructor determines that the students understand the concept when they state that the relationship between social class and health is which of the following? A. Inverse B. Positive C. Unequal D. Direct Question 39 Which one of the following statements about relative risk is most accurate? Lifestyle, behaviors, and choices do not relate to relative risk. Relative risk means that if a risk exists, the illness or adverse event will occur. Relative risk refers to exposure to risk factors identified from a substantial body of research. Any factor that is likely to cause increased risk is considered relative risk. Question 40 When assessing vulnerable populations, a community health nurse uses a popular model that contains three related concepts. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply. A. Relative risk B. Resource availability C. Education D. Health status E. Housing Question 41 A community health nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of local community nurses about measures to help decrease health disparities. Which of the following would be the least effective suggestion? A. Organizing task forces to raise community awareness B. Holding community meetings to identify needs C. Working with schools to reduce the dropout rate D. Avoiding political involvement in issues Question 42 A community health nurse working with a group of vulnerable clients is focusing on empowering them. Which of the following would be most effective? A. Having the clients cut through bureaucratic red tape B. Keeping the clients to a firm schedule of visits C. Viewing the clients as active partners in the process D. Focusing on the clients' limitations Question 43 Which of the following would be least helpful to a novice community health nurse working with vulnerable populations who is feeling overwhelmed and somewhat guilty about his or her personal situation as compared to his or her clients? A. Setting up an community agency clothing drive collection B. Remaining grounded C. Sending a personal donation to an agency in the area D. Working for changes in community attitudes Question 44 After teaching a group of students about factors associated with vulnerable populations, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which as a factor? A. Acute illness B. Homelessness C. Income D. Immigrant status Question 45 Which of the following would a community health nurse include when describing the differential vulnerability hypothesis? A. Exposure to risk factors affects the population's social and human capital. B. A risk for a negative outcome increases with lower education and income levels. C. Everyone is at risk because of stressful events occurring in life. D. Certain groups are impacted by stressful events more than others. Question 46 A CHN and public health nurse who uses the upstream approach would likely focus on which one of the following contributors to unhealthy diets in the community? A. Marketing strategies of fast food businesses B. Busy lifestyles within the community C. Individual acceptance of obesity D. Consumer preference for sweet, greasy, and salty foods Question 47 When applying the ecological perspective to environmental health, a community health nurse integrates which of the following concepts as most essential? A. No one factor can be viewed in isolation. B. The need for foresight in designing innovations C. Primary prevention is limited in this area. D. Implications of scientific advances are fully understood. Question 48 The core public health function of policy development related to environmental health includes which one of the following? A. Policy development is best left to legislators. B. Public health nurses are public servants and therefore cannot advocate for public policy. C. To be an effective advocate for change, it is only necessary that the nurse speak out. D. There are many ways for public health nurses to participate in policy development related to environmental health. Question 49 The nursing student is preparing a report for class relating to Healthy People 2020 and environmental health. Which of the following should be included in this report? Select all that apply. A. The overall goal is to "promote health for all through a healthy environment." B. The document provides guidance for nurses to identify targets for health. C. The agency that prepared this initiative is the World Health Organization. D. The document provides instructions for persons in the community regarding how to protect their own health. E. One of the six focus areas is global environmental health. Question 50 Which one of the following statements about assessment (one of the core public health functions) and how it can be applied to environmental health is most accurate? A. Assessment is least valuable when related to where the person attends school. B. Assessment includes the investigation of health hazards, surveillance of health issues, examining causes, and assessing needs. C. It is not necessary for nurses to have a background in the environmental health sciences. D. Assessment should be limited to the general population and should not include the increased vulnerability of certain groups. Question 51 Which of the following are necessary components of a nurse’s personal preparedness? Select all that apply. A. The nurse participated in disaster drills at the workplace and had a family disaster drill to practice what actions to take in the event of a disaster. B. Workplace and community disaster plans have been reviewed by the nurse C. An individual disaster plan for the nurse’s own family has been developed D. It is not necessary for the nurse to bring copies of their nursing license and driver’s license E. In the case of an actual disaster, the nurse will be able to use equipment made available to them Question 52 A community health nurse is working with a community that is involved with identifying risk factors for program development in case of a disaster. This community is in which phase of disaster management? A. Prevention B. Response C. Recovery D. Preparedness Question 53 When providing secondary prevention activities for individuals experiencing psychological consequences of a disaster, which of the following would the nurse do as a generic approach? A. Reunifying family members who were separated B. Conveying warmth and concern for the client C. Teaching about expected emotional reactions D. Providing situational support for stress relief Question 54 Question 55 Which of the following examples of disasters are natural disasters? Select all that apply. A. The terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001 B. The Earthquake and tsunami in Japan in 2011 The 2008 shootings at Virginia Tech C. The oil spill in the gulf coast in 2010 that threatened hundreds of species of wildlife D. Wildfires that affected California in October 2007 Question 56 When would the nurse expect the response phase of a disaster to occur? A. Long-term phase occurring after the disastrous event B. When no disaster is expected or anticipated C. Prior to the disastrous event D. Immediately after the onset of the disastrous event Question 57 A community health nurse suspects that a client who was a victim of a disaster 3 months ago is experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. (Only could select one answer) A. Hypervigilance B. Full range of affect C. Diminished startle response D. Feelings of detachment E. Flashbacks ******* ?? Question 58 Which of the following statements about risk is true? Select all that apply. Risk refers to positive and negative influences on a person's likelihood of developing a specific disease. Risk means that the person who has the most negative influences will definitely develop the disease or unfavorable health condition. Risk can be measured using the relative risk ratio, which is based on the ratio of incidence in an exposed group to incidence rate in unexposed group. Risk is unimportant when determining the most effective points for community health intervention. Risk is the probability that a disease or unfavorable health condition will develop Question 59 As a CHN you are making a graph for the new community health nurse orientation about the similarities between the nursing process and the epidemiologic process. Based on your knowledge of these important processes, what occurs in the epidemiologic process that is similar to the diagnosis phase of the nursing process? A. Data are gathered from reliable sources. B. Health care needs and assets are identified. C. Tentative hypothesis is formulated. D. Goals and objectives for care are established. Question 60 The nurse educator knows that a nursing student understands the basics of immunity when the student nurse states A. passive immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines. B. cross-immunity is immunity that causes a person who is immune to one disease to be also immune to a completely different infectious agent. C. herd immunity only pertains to cows. D. active immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines. Question 61 The nurse is examining the possibility that multiple factors are involved in the development of a disorder. The nurse is applying which of the following? A. Strength of association B. Web of causation C. Chain of causation D. Temporality Question 62 You are describing the classic model to the new community health care nurse. Using your knowledge that this model is based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and environment, not by any single factor, what is this model commonly called? A. Epidemiologic triad B. Natural history C. Web of causation D. Wheel of causation Question 63 What happens in the epidemiologic process that is similar to the implementation phase of the nursing process? A. Further research is conducted if necessary. B. Actions are initiated to achieve goals. C. Actions are initiated to implement the plan. D. Actions are evaluated and report prepared. Question 64 Organize the following steps in the epidemiologic study from the first step to the last. A. Identify the problem. B. Review the literature. C. Design the study. D. Collect the data. E. Analyze the findings. F. Develop conclusions and applications. G. Disseminate the findings. Question 65 When using descriptive epidemiology, which type of study would the community health nurse expect to include? A. Prevalence study B. Case–control study C. Cohort study D. Count study Question 66 A community health nurse would recommend pneumococcal vaccine for which group? A. 30-year-old adults who have simple respiratory tract infections B. 1-year-old children C. Adults over age 65 who have COPD D. Healthy adults in their 50s Question 68 Which of the following statements about confidentiality, privacy, and discrimination is the most accurate? A. It is permissible for a community health nurse to tell the contacts of a person who is infected with a communicable disease which disease they have been exposed to and the name of the source. B. Only the identity of the index case of a communicable disease needs to be protected. C. It is permissible for a community health nurse to reveal the name and any other personal health information of a person who has a communicable disease to the public health authorities. D. It is permissible for any health care provider to report any cases of known or suspected communicable diseases to the news media. Question 69 Which of the following statements about immunization is most accurate? A. Immunization is the process of introducing a form of a disease-causing organism into a person's system to promote the development of antibodies that will resist the disease. B. Immunization is the process of administering antibodies to a person. C. Immunization is helpful in the spread of all communicable diseases. D. Immunization cannot provide herd immunity. Question 70 A community health nurse has identified the index case. The nurse is involved in which of the following? A. Screening B. Isolation C. Quarantine D. Contact investigation Question 80 The community health nurse observes an increase in the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The nurse understands that a major reason for this occurrence for individual clients would most likely be A. political and social response to declining rates of TB over the past decade. B. a premature sense that TB has been defeated. C. a reduction in funding for surveillance and research. D. noncompliance with the therapy for the full, recommended period. Question 81 The community health nurse determines that the adult population in the community has an increased incidence of vaccine preventable disease. Which of the following are factors that may contribute to low vaccination levels among adults? A.Health care providers may lack current information about recommended adult immunizations and may miss opportunities to vaccinate adults during contacts in offices, outpatient clinics, and hospitals. B.A multitude of comprehensive vaccination programs exist in settings where healthy adults congregate such as workplaces and other locations. C.Adults fear injections for immunizations but do not worry about adverse effects after vaccination. D.Lack of statutory requirements for vaccination of adults. E.Lack of comprehensive vaccine delivery systems to the public and private sectors for adults (similar to the Vaccines for Children program for children) Question 82 Which of the following entities would the community health nurse know are required to report known or suspected cases of reportable diseases in every state in the United States? Select all that apply. A. Any individual who knows of or suspects the existence of a reportable disease B. Medical examiners C. Physicians, dentists, and nurses D. Administrators of schools and child care centers E. Laboratory directors Question 83 Which of the following would be most important for a community health nurse to do first when working with vulnerable populations? A. Getting them to interact with the nurse B. Guiding them to think things through C. Providing honest feedback D. Helping them to make choices Question 84 When describing the causes of vulnerability to a group of students, which of the following would the instructor include? Many of the factors and conditions suggest vulnerability overlap. The most important causative factor is race or ethnicity. Statistics about vulnerable populations are highly accurate. Vulnerable populations are fairly similar across the nation and globally Question 85 A CHN is enacting policy development by preparing a presentation for a group of state health officials about the issue of water pollution in the United States. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply. ?Globally, the availability of clean water is becoming a very serious threat to human survival. Recently, there has been an increase in the concern about pharmaceuticals contaminating water supplies. The people most vulnerable to serious health problems are the very young, the very old, and the immune-compromised. Water pollutants consist solely of chemicals. All water that is to be consumed is regulated through the EPA Question 86 When the public health nurse uses an upstream approach to improve heart health, the nurse would examine which one of the following factors? Smoking tobacco Unhealthy diets Decreased physical activity Lack of safe places to exercise Question 5 Which time after the disaster would be the ideal time for this to occur? A. Within 18 hours B. 7 to 10 days C. 4 to 6 days D. 1 to 3 days Question 7 After teaching a group of students about agents associated with chemical warfare, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify which as an example? A. Jet fuel B. Explosives C. Nerve agents D. Anthrax Question 10 Which of the following statements about disaster planning is most accurate? A. A disaster plan must be lengthy and detailed. B. A disaster plan should be created by the person responsible for the emergency management of the community. C. It is assumed that all professionals have addressed their personal preparation. D. Disaster planning is essential for a community, business, or hospital. Question 13 You are compiling data about the community for the last 12 months. Using your knowledge about epidemiology as a research methodology you have been asked to document rates. What is a rate? A. Course of a disease or condition from the onset to resolution B. Characteristics or events that have been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop C. Primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness D. Probability or likelihood that a disease or illness will occur in a group of people who presently do not have the problem Question 19 After teaching a group of students about the various types of epidemiologic research studies that can be done, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students describe a community trial as which of the following? A. A type of experimental study conducted at the community level B. A way to locate health problems in a variety of communities C. An inexpensive type of analytic research study D. A study that gathers volunteers for the experimental group Question 20 You have been requested to investigate the outbreak of H1N1 in the community. Using your knowledge about epidemiologic research, what is an outbreak? A. Primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness B. Characteristics or events that have been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop C. Probability or likelihood that a disease or illness will occur in a group of people who presently do not have the problem D. Course of a disease or condition from the onset to resolution Question 27 Which of the following are appropriate communicable disease prevention interventions that may be implemented by community health nurses? Select all that apply. A. Prescribing treatment for communicable diseases B. Community Education C. Environmental interventions D. Disease investigation and case/contact finding E. Immunization of children and adults F. Diagnosing cases of communicable diseases Question 40 When assessing a vulnerable population's relative risk, which of the following would the community health nurse identify most likely as contributing to this risk? A. Well-balanced diet B. Enabling factors C. Up-to-date immunizations D. Exposure to abuse Question 41 Which of the following would a community health nurse use to define vulnerable populations? A. Individuals with lower life expectancy B. Those with increased risk for adverse health outcomes C. Individuals with chronic illness D. Those persons with higher mortality rates Question 42 A community health nurse is describing social capital and its impact on populations to a group of local community leaders. Which of the following would the nurse suggest as a way to improve the social capital of the community? A. Improved educational programs B. Expanded employment opportunities C. More community organizations D. Better job training Question 43 A community health nurse is applying the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations when evaluating a local community. Which of the following would the nurse include as an enabling factor? A. Insurance B. Knowledge of disease C. Acculturation D. Marital status Question 44 Which of the following vulnerable populations have been subjected to perceived poor quality of care and access to care? Select all that apply. A. People of non-White race/ethnicity B. People of White race/ethnicity C. Persons who use illicit drugs D. HIV-infected persons E. Homeless persons Question 46 Which of the following groups of persons have increased vulnerability to environmental hazards to human health related to food? Select all that apply. A. Children are more susceptible to hazards due to their immature gastrointestinal systems and increased food intake per size. B. Pregnant women are likely to transmit their exposure to chemicals, pesticides, and toxins to the unborn fetus. C. Middle-aged males D. Adult women who are nonchildbearing E. Persons who have altered immunity are more likely to be affected by food exposures. Question 48 Which of the following concepts is used by public health professionals to illustrate that the determinants of health interact to affect health? A. Sustainability B. Precautionary principle C. Ecological perspective D. Upstream focus • Question 6 The nurse is using the epidemiological triad to explain the factors contributing the disaster. Which one of the following statements about the environment factors that contribute to disasters is most accurate? A. The environment is the human being who experiences the disaster. B. Examples of environmental factors that cause a disaster are high winds of a hurricane and the lava of an erupting volcano. C. The environment is the natural or technologic element that causes the disaster. D. Factors that could potentially contribute to or mitigate a disaster are environmental. • Question 8 A community health nurse is responding to a disaster. Which of the following would most likely be the least appropriate area for the nurse to be located? A. The disaster site • Question 19 When assessing several populations, the nurse notes each population's relative risk. Using the relative risk ratios below, which population would require a major emphasis for risk reduction intervention? A. 2.45 • Question 27 Which of the following statements accurately describes important steps that a community health nurse must take prior to contacting an individual for an interview regarding communicable disease? Select all that apply. A. Review disease information including the reservoir, incubation period, infectious period, symptoms, and treatment B. Review the information received from the news media reporter for completeness • Question 36 Which one of the following statements is true regarding the socioeconomic gradient of health? A. The socioeconomic gradient of health has been found in populations around the world. • Question 37 A community health nurse is working to empower clients of a vulnerable population. Which of the following client behaviors indicates that the nurse is achieving this goal? A. Collaboration with their health care providers • Question 39 When assessing a population's vulnerability, which of the following would the community health nurse identify as a predisposing factor? A. Social support networks B. Transportation C. Living conditions D. Crime rates • Question 40 Which of the following are types of health disparities that are due to inequities that can be corrected? Select all that apply. A. Health-damaging behaviors that are chosen by an individual despite health education and counseling efforts B. Poor access to quality care C. Limited access to appropriate level of care D. Patients feel that they are unable to trust the information given to them and may not follow it as explained. E. Overt discrimination • Question 43 A community health nurse is evaluating a population for socioeconomic resources. Which of the following would the nurse address? Adequacy of health care providers Educational opportunities Quality of care provided Access to health care services • Question 45 After teaching a group of students about factors associated with vulnerable populations, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which as a factor? Acute illness • Question 46 The nursing student is preparing a report for class relating to Healthy People 2020 and environmental health. Which of the following should be included in this report? Select all that apply. The document provides instructions for persons in the community regarding how to protect their own health. One of the six focus areas is global environmental health. The document provides guidance for nurses to identify targets for health. The agency that prepared this initiative is the World Health Organization. [INCORRECT...not part of answer] The overall goal is to "promote health for all through a healthy environment. • Question 48 Which of the following groups of persons have increased vulnerability to environmental hazards to human health related to food? Select all that apply. Pregnant women are likely to transmit their exposure to chemicals, pesticides, and toxins to the unborn fetus. • Question 49 What is an exposure pathway? A. The total amount of a contaminant that comes in direct contact with the body. B. Factors that determine a person's level of exposure to a contaminant. C. Method by which people are exposed to an environmental contaminant that originates from a specific source. D. Process to help determine whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants. • Question 50 A CHN and public health nurse who uses the upstream approach would likely focus on which one of the following contributors to unhealthy diets in the community? Marketing strategies of fast food businesses Question 2 When providing secondary prevention activities for individuals experiencing psychological consequences of a disaster, which of the following would the nurse do as a generic approach? Providing situational support for stress relief Conveying warmth and concern for the client Reunifying family members who were separated Teaching about expected emotional reactions Question 3 As part of secondary prevention, the community health nurse engages in crisis intervention to achieve which of the following? Reestablish equilibrium to the lives of those involved Involve as many people as possible in the resolution Prevent the crisis altogether Triage clients during the recovery phase of the crisis Question 4 A community health nurse is part of a disaster response team that is first to respond to an earthquake. The team evaluates the level of destruction and devastation, identifying this as which of the following? Range of effect Intensity Casualty Scope Question 30 Which of the following statements about confidentiality, privacy, and discrimination is the most accurate? A. It is permissible for a community health nurse to reveal the name and any other personal health information of a person who has a communicable disease to the public health authorities. B. Only the identity of the index case of a communicable disease needs to be protected. C. It is permissible for any health care provider to report any cases of known or suspected communicable diseases to the news media. D. It is permissible for a community health nurse to tell the contacts of a person who is infected with a communicable disease which disease they have been exposed to and the name of the source. Question 40 A community health nurse is part of a group working with local and state legislators to expand health insurance coverage for those with inadequate or no insurance. Which outcome would the nurse hope to achieve if the group is successful? Increase use of early screenings Increase emergency room visits Increase disparities in care Increase episodic care Question 46 The public health professionals use the following concept to illustrate that the determinants of health interact to affect health. Precautionary principle Sustainability Upstream focus Ecological perspective Question 48 Which of the following factors would the public health nurse examine when uses an upstream approach to improve heart health? Unhealthy diets Lack of safe places to exercise Smoking tobacco Decreased physical activity Question 49 Assessment is one of the core public health functions. Which one of the following statements about assessment and how it can be applied to environmental health is most accurate? It is not necessary for nurses to have a background in the environmental health sciences. Assessment is least valuable when related to where the person attends school. Assessment includes the investigation of health hazards, surveillance of health issues, examining causes, and assessing needs. Assessment should be limited to the general population and should not include the increased vulnerability of certain groups. Question 50 A community health nurse is presenting an in-service for a group of other community health nurses about ecological perspective of environmental health. Which of the following would the nurse incorporate into the program when describing this concept? A technological view of strategies for preventing illness and injury The study of governmental and private sector regulations of the environment Identification of not only the physical environment but also the social and cultural factors that exist for populations The role of the community health nurse in preventing injury, disease, and illness Which one of the following has a negative influence on family health and individual health? A healthy family fosters individual growth and sustains members during times of crisis. Family patterns dictate whether members participate in their own health care. The level at which a family functions significantly affects the individual's level of health. Individuals can obstruct the family's health and families can obstruct individual family members' health.***(i picked this one- Shar) A community health nurse determines that it is time for teaching a family about health promotion activities when they say which of the following? “It's time we do something about eating right.” “Is there a place we can go for the medicine?” “Our grandchildren visit every summer.” “When are you coming back to visit?” The informal partnerships that the public health nurses have in the community have the potential to play an important part in recognizing diseases caused by bioterrorist agents because the nurse will recognize changes within the community setting. the partnerships discourage terrorist activities. the members of the community will comfortably report suspicious behaviors. the partnerships contribute to and are essential for disease surveillance. A community health nurse, visits an 81-year-old newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic who lives alone. The nurse has visited the family three previous times and is visiting early in the morning to observe his client's insulin administration technique. The nurse finds the client depressed over his or her situation one morning. The nurse suggests that together they list positive points about his or her situation and discuss his or her feelings. This is an example of which of the following? Data collection Goal-directed questioning Strengthening Measuring family functioning A tornado touched down in the city where you are employed as a public health nurse. As a member of the disaster management team, your role includes which of the following? (select all that apply) Providing health education Hazardous materials management Search and rescue Clinical assessment and triage After a hurricane, you are placed on a planning committee to meet the direct needs of the committee. Most of the clean-up and rescue work has been completed and several members of the community are living in shelters and are homeless. One of the foremost priorities of your committees is to establish which of the following? Ecumenical centers for long-term worship POD ( point of distribution) emergency supply centers Financial aid centers Home repair resources The disaster is over and your team prepares to return to normal operations. Prior to disbandment of the team it is essential to create a safe environment for the staff. The staff will participate in a critical incident stress debriefing. support group to foster recovery. information debriefing for prevention purposes. interrogation process to identify unsafe behaviors. Which of the following statements about an upstream focus is the most accurate? The upstream approach pertains to the purity of water supplies. The upstream approach does not focus on socioeconomic factors and the environmental origins of disease and health problems. The focus of an upstream approach is the institution and system level. The focus of an upstream approach is healthy lifestyle issues. During a community program about food safety, a participant asks, "I know it is important to use safe food practices to avoid microbial contamination, but what other possible risks are there with our food supply?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? "Risks occur only at food production and not handling or consumption." "Radiating food is something that really doesn't occur in the United States." "Nothing is more of a problem than food-borne illness." "A recent concern has been raised about genetically modified foods being marketed." A community health nurse is collecting data about the family's demographics. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply. Climate Ethnicity Socioeconomic status Housing Dietary patterns Education of members You are a member of the nursing team caring for victims of a possible anthrax "white powder" investigation. As the nurse scribe, information that you document will include (select all that apply) A) the same information that you would document for any client assessment. B) time and place. C) name of the Incident Commander. D) general assessment of the field. E) vital signs only. When a community health nurse is conducting a family assessment on an assigned family, which of the following would be most appropriate? Interview one family member to avoid confusion and repeated information Use quantitative data only to maintain and preserve objectivity Make several visits and accumulate data from all family members Use a checklist format, completing the tool in the family's presence A community health nurse is attempting to empower a family to become independent. Which of the following would be most appropriate? Do for the family what they cannot Reinforce positive traits Emphasize the family's strengths Focus attention on the problem areas The community health nurse is using a genogram to aid in the family assessment. Using your knowledge of tools that help identify families and their relationships, what aspect of family connections and relationships is included in the genogram? A. Illustrate family relationships and their vital connections with community B. Influence of other systems on families C. Show relationships across two or more generations D. Influence of groups on families The national weather service warns of an impending ice storm that may have crippling effects on the community. Widespread electrical outages are predicted as well as freezing temperatures. The community health nurses are mobilized to establish emergency living quarters and clinics for those without heat. The impending crisis will affect the health and well-being of the community and the community responses are considered the ______ phase of disaster management. A) impact B) postimpact C) preimpact D) preparation You are a public health nurse and a first responder in a community disaster, secondary to a flood. One section of the town has experienced a loss of water and electricity for 4 days. What actions would you take to meet the needs of the community at this time? A) Refer the members of the community to a spiritual outreach program. B) Provide access to safe food and water. C) Inform the fire department of potential risks within the community setting. D) Provide an immunization program. You are preparing a chart to review epidemiologic statistics of the community. Using your knowledge that the primary way to demonstrate prevention or control of a health problem is to compare epidemiologic statistics, when should this review be done? A. During and after implementation of the health service B. Before implementation of the health service C. Before and during implementation of the health service D. Before and after implementation of the health service You are preparing for the new community health nurse orientation about the care of individual and community clients. Using your knowledge about the community who has the best potential to link environmental exposure to illness and disease? A. Nurse practitioner B. Primary care provider C. Nurse D. Medical examiner Which of the following would a community health nurse use when conducting an outcome evaluation? Family Progress Performace Organization Timing The nurse educator knows that the nursing student has grasped the concept of self-evaluation when the nursing student makes which one of the following statements? It is important for the family to evaluate itself. Evaluations by others are not helpful. Individuals can always see their own strengths or flaws. It is important for the nurse's growth and effectiveness as a community health nurse. [*******THIS IS RIGHT ANSWER****] As a member of a disaster team, you respond to a confirmed outbreak of the plague. You understand that the pneumonic plague has a high mortality rate. The decision to meet the needs of the public on a wide scale includes which of the following? Administration of antibiotics via PODs, (Point of distribution) Isolating designated hospitals to prevent spread of the plague Door-to-door visits to administer preventative medication Administration of antivirals via PODs, (point of distribution) A community health nurse constructs an eco-map for a family based on the understanding that this tool is useful for which reason? It was originally devised to depict the complexity of the client's story and indicate the family connections with other systems. Family relationships over three or more generations are depicted. The ecological system of a family's neighborhood is charted. Directions for gathering data about neighborhoods are provided. Which one of the following is a principle that guides and enhances family nursing practice? The nurse should focus on each family member individually. The nurse should evaluate the family based on consistency with traditional family patterns. The nurse should expect that the family will be normal and will not change. The nurse should start where the family is at the present time and not the ideal level of functioning.***check** You are a member of a disaster team responding to a chemical disaster. You assess the clients in a systematic fashion concentrating on their ability to breathe. When entering the evacuation site, prior to your physical assessment, you should interview the client report to the hotzone. don PPEs (personal protection equipment) request HAZMAT (Hazardous materials) to witness client assessment. A community health nurse is teaching a group of clients about infection control and mentions the role of vectors in transmitting diseases. Which of the following would be examples of some common vectors? Select all that apply. A. Roaches B. Chemicals C. Mosquitoes D. Fleas E. Salmonella You are working as a public health nurse in New Jersey during the winter months. An ice storm cripples the city and electrical outages affect the power grid. Trees and frozen wires are down throughout the city and the timeline for restoration of power is 7 to 10 days. You expect the management team to classify this occurrence as a(n) _________ according to established guidelines. emergency terrorism accidental disaster natural disaster The community health nurse determines that the adult population in the community has an increased incidence of vaccine preventable disease. Which of the following are factors that may contribute to low vaccination levels among adults? Select all that apply. A. Health care providers may lack current information about recommended adult immunizations and may miss opportunities to vaccinate adults during contacts in offices, outpatient clinics, and hospitals. B. Adults fear injections for immunizations but do not worry about adverse effects after vaccination. C. Lack of comprehensive vaccine delivery systems to the public and private sectors for adults (similar to the Vaccines for Children program for children) D. A multitude of comprehensive vaccination programs exist in settings where healthy adults congregate such as workplaces and other locations. E. Lack of statutory requirements for vaccination of adults A student nurse asks you if an infectious disease and communicable disease is the same thing. Using your knowledge of the epidemiology of the infectious process, what is accurate about an infectious disease? A. Portal of exit from the infected person B. Portal of entry to a susceptible host C. Means of transmission D. Caused by the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the body A community health nurse is working with the local health departments to educate the citizens about the effects of radon exposure and its link to possible illness. Which of the following would the nurse identify as being a major health concern associated with radon? Diarrhea Lung cancer Skin cancer Cardiovascular disease Assessment is one of the core public health functions. Which one of the following statements about assessment and how it can be applied to environmental health is most accurate? Assessment should be limited to the general population and should not include the increased vulnerability of certain groups. It is not necessary for nurses to have a background in the environmental health sciences. Assessment includes the investigation of health hazards, surveillance of health issues, examining causes, and assessing needs. Assessment is least valuable when related to where the person attends school. The three main approaches to the tertiary prevention of communicable disease include which of the following? A. Care and treatment, isolation and quarantine, and safe handling and control of infectious wastes B. Case and contact investigation, notification, and treatment C. Education, immunization, and screening I am not sure about this one !1 D. Screening, immunization, and isolation and quarantine Five weeks after a category 4 hurricane, a town in southern Louisiana continues to battle for survival. The flood waters have now receded. You are part of the disaster recovery team. Epidemiologic analysis of this town includes factors that influence the health status of this community. Which of the following may be included in the epidemiologic analysis report? (select all that apply) Population shift Limited access to places of worship Collapse of access to health care Contamination of water supplies Continuing death You are making a graph for the new community health nurse orientation about the similarities between the nursing process and the epidemiologic process. Based on your knowledge of these important processes, what occurs in the epidemiologic process that is similar to the implementation phase of the nursing process? A. Actions are initiated to implement the plan. B. Actions are initiated to achieve goals. C. Further research is conducted if necessary. D. Actions are evaluated and report prepared. Which of the following are variables that occur in nature and could have a negative impact on humans? Select all that apply. [*****CHECK ANSWERS*******] Ecology of microbial growth [****CHECK THESE ANSWERS******] The effect of climate change upon weather extremes (droughts, floods, and storms) There is adequate food supply and always will be. Changes in rainfall and water supply for soil Risks for waterborne and food-borne pathogens in drinking water, seafood, and fresh produce because of climate variability Response to a disaster is in its final phase. Although still in the recovery phase of the response, an evaluation meeting is arranged. The purpose of the evaluation meeting is to analyze the effectiveness of the disaster relief teams from respondent states. create a postdisaster report for FEMA. create a report that exemplifies the cohesiveness of the departmental response to the disaster. analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the response and submit a plan to improve response in the future. You are notified that a possible anthrax exposure occurred at the local military base. Civilian workers are routed to the local hospital's emergency department. Your responsibility is to set up PODs in the community. The function of the PODs in response to the anthrax exposure is to distribute decontaminated food. administer prophylactic medications. distribute decontaminated water. provide triage. To prepare disaster workers, including public health nurses, in the use of (personal protection equipment) PPEs to address specific hazards the public health nurse will rely on annual training provided by the various hospitals. use on-site trainers provided by the Armed Forces. (personal protection Equipment) t USE JTT Videos Which of the following statements about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases is true? Select all that apply. A. It is not possible for a person who has a HSV-2 infection to transmit the infection to other sex partners if sexual contact is only practiced when the person does not have any visible sores. B. The proper use of condoms prevents transmission of all sexually transmitted infections. C. Screening programs have actually reduced the incidence of Chlamydia as infected persons are identified and treated. D. Expedited partner treatment can prevent the spread of Chlamydia and gonorrhea. E. Many persons who have HIV infection can stave off AIDS by the use of medications during the HIV stage of the spectrum. The Community health nursing student is preparing a report for class relating to Healthy People 2020 and environmental health. Which of the following should be included in this report? Select all that apply. The document provides instructions for persons in the community regarding how to protect their own health. The overall goal is to "promote health for all through a healthy environment." The document provides guidance for nurses to identify targets for health. The agency that prepared this initiative is the World Health Organization. One of the six focus areas is global environmental health. You have to document the course of your client's condition from the onset to resolution Using your knowledge about the natural history of most illnesses, what stages will be included in the documentation? select all that apply A. Manifestation of clinical disease B. Presymptomatic stage C. Resolution D. Pathological onset stage Which one of the following is a principle that guides and enhances family nursing practice? The nurse should start where the family is at the present time and not the ideal level of functioning. The nurse should evaluate the family based on consistency with traditional family patterns. The nurse should expect that the family will be normal and will not change. The nurse should focus on each family member individually. You are responsible for triage in a setting where a natural disaster has occurred. The triage is expected to last for an extended period of time. Which triage model would be most effective in this scenario? JumpSTART triage Simple triage and Rapid treatment (START) Prehospital triage Start/Save triage A community health nurse constructs an eco-map for a family based on the understanding that this tool is useful for which reason? Directions for gathering data about neighborhoods are provided. It was originally devised to depict the complexity of the client's story and indicate the family connections with other systems. Family relationships over three or more generations are depicted. As the community health nurse you have to compile community programs based on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures. Using your knowledge that Leavell and Clark developed a conceptual model for the natural history of any disease affecting humans, what is an example of tertiary prevention? A. Focus on limiting and resulting disabilities of the disease B. Rehabilitation measures that enable the individual to function at maximum capability C. Focus on early diagnosis and prompt treatment of the disease D. Prevent the onset of a disease in a population of well people