NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ TMN.
Answer: Tumor Metastases Nodes
◍ High potassium >5 meq/L.
Answer: Hyperkalemia
◍ What are symptoms?.
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
◍ What is the role of histamine and what effect does it have on the body
during immune response?.
Answer: increases the permeability of blood capillaries, vasodilation, hives
and itchiness.
◍ What is herpes simplex virus?.
Answer: begins with a burning or tingling sensation followed by vesicles
and erythema that crusts before healing
◍ >108 Meq/L High Chloride levels.
Answer: Hyperchloremia
◍ Dehydration.
Answer: (ECF volume deficit)Inadequate fluid intakeoccurs when total body
fluid levels are insufficient to meet body's needs. Lack of volume in the
body
◍ What must one do when compartment syndrome occurs?.
, Answer: reduce pressure so blood flow can occur. usually a fasciotomy is
performed so that blood flow can occur
◍ Pulselessness:.
Answer: no pulse. area is pale
◍ Specific or nonspecific: adaptive immunity.
Answer: specific
◍ What are the causes of edema?.
Answer: Increase in the forces that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial
compartments or decrease in the opposite.
◍ Stage 3 cancer.
Answer: Locally advanced, Late
◍ Lab values for Calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.2 mEq/L
◍ Ribosomes make up the _____.
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum
◍ What is verrucae?.
Answer: Warts
◍ What is subjective data?.
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◍ What things can cause hypophosphatemia?.
Answer: hyperparathyroidism, alkalosis,deficient intake, vitamin D
deficiency, alcoholism, low dietary intake.
◍ Signs and Symptoms of a type 1 hypersensitivity.
Answer: hives, runny nose, eczema, throat constriction, ,localized edema,
wheezing, tachycardia, anaphylaxis.
◍ What is psoriatic arthritis?.
Answer: Caused by genetics, t lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating
skin and joints, producing inflammatory cytokines.
,◍ 4-5 meq/L.
Answer: normal calcium levels
◍ What is a positive trousseaus sign?.
Answer: BP. When pressure is on the arm, the hand will cramp and curl.
◍ How does a stage 1 ulcer present?.
Answer: Intact skin with non blanching redness.
◍ Someone who has diarrhea and is throwing up a lot is displaying?.
Answer: DehydrationElectrolyte imblance
◍ What is pathophysiology?.
Answer: The study of homeostasis. What the body has to do to be at normal
operating range. Etiology of disease. What is normal and abnormal.
◍ Example of Type 1 Hypersensitivity.
Answer: Severe Allergic reaction to peanuts
◍ Where can lice occur?.
Answer: body, pubis and head.
◍ Examples of type 4 hypersensitivity.
Answer: Contact dermatitisreaction to a surface substancePoison ivy
◍ What are examples of active immunity?.
Answer: Vaccinations as they contain altered toxins that retain the ability to
produce memory cells. Second exposure activates a quicker response.
◍ High sodium ( > 145 mEq/L):.
Answer: hypernatremia
◍ >5 meq/L High calcium.
Answer: Hypercalcemia*muscles can spasm & tense up
◍ Type of mediator Type 3 Hypersensitivity.
Answer: Immune Complex
◍ Paresthesia:.
, Answer: Numbness and tingling
◍ What is the main electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?.
Answer: Sodium (NaCl) Chloride
◍ Where is extracellular fluid found?.
Answer: outside the cell
◍ Examples of Type 4 hypersensitivity.
Answer: TB test- 48 hrs later must be read due to delay. Contact dermatitis.
◍ Type 2 hypersensitivity.
Answer: CytotoxicTransfusion ReactionsHemolytic disease of the newborn
◍ Signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.
Answer: oligoarthritis, combined soft tissue and peripheral joint disease
◍ What causes impetigo?.
Answer: staph/strep
◍ Type 4 hypersensitivity.
Answer: Delayed cell mediatedcontact dermatitis
◍ What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?.
Answer: Neurological dysfunction from swelling of the brain.
◍ Hypertonic Hydration (fluid overload).
Answer: Excess fluid, lungs-difficult to breathe, bounding pulse. Edema is
an example
◍ Which antibodies does passive immunity involve?.
Answer: IgA and IgE
◍ What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?.
Answer: Intestinal cramping, diarrhea, irregular heart rate, EKG changes.
◍ Type 1 hypersensitivity.
Answer: Anaphylaxis & allergies
◍ Normal magnesium Levels.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ TMN.
Answer: Tumor Metastases Nodes
◍ High potassium >5 meq/L.
Answer: Hyperkalemia
◍ What are symptoms?.
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
◍ What is the role of histamine and what effect does it have on the body
during immune response?.
Answer: increases the permeability of blood capillaries, vasodilation, hives
and itchiness.
◍ What is herpes simplex virus?.
Answer: begins with a burning or tingling sensation followed by vesicles
and erythema that crusts before healing
◍ >108 Meq/L High Chloride levels.
Answer: Hyperchloremia
◍ Dehydration.
Answer: (ECF volume deficit)Inadequate fluid intakeoccurs when total body
fluid levels are insufficient to meet body's needs. Lack of volume in the
body
◍ What must one do when compartment syndrome occurs?.
, Answer: reduce pressure so blood flow can occur. usually a fasciotomy is
performed so that blood flow can occur
◍ Pulselessness:.
Answer: no pulse. area is pale
◍ Specific or nonspecific: adaptive immunity.
Answer: specific
◍ What are the causes of edema?.
Answer: Increase in the forces that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial
compartments or decrease in the opposite.
◍ Stage 3 cancer.
Answer: Locally advanced, Late
◍ Lab values for Calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.2 mEq/L
◍ Ribosomes make up the _____.
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum
◍ What is verrucae?.
Answer: Warts
◍ What is subjective data?.
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◍ What things can cause hypophosphatemia?.
Answer: hyperparathyroidism, alkalosis,deficient intake, vitamin D
deficiency, alcoholism, low dietary intake.
◍ Signs and Symptoms of a type 1 hypersensitivity.
Answer: hives, runny nose, eczema, throat constriction, ,localized edema,
wheezing, tachycardia, anaphylaxis.
◍ What is psoriatic arthritis?.
Answer: Caused by genetics, t lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating
skin and joints, producing inflammatory cytokines.
,◍ 4-5 meq/L.
Answer: normal calcium levels
◍ What is a positive trousseaus sign?.
Answer: BP. When pressure is on the arm, the hand will cramp and curl.
◍ How does a stage 1 ulcer present?.
Answer: Intact skin with non blanching redness.
◍ Someone who has diarrhea and is throwing up a lot is displaying?.
Answer: DehydrationElectrolyte imblance
◍ What is pathophysiology?.
Answer: The study of homeostasis. What the body has to do to be at normal
operating range. Etiology of disease. What is normal and abnormal.
◍ Example of Type 1 Hypersensitivity.
Answer: Severe Allergic reaction to peanuts
◍ Where can lice occur?.
Answer: body, pubis and head.
◍ Examples of type 4 hypersensitivity.
Answer: Contact dermatitisreaction to a surface substancePoison ivy
◍ What are examples of active immunity?.
Answer: Vaccinations as they contain altered toxins that retain the ability to
produce memory cells. Second exposure activates a quicker response.
◍ High sodium ( > 145 mEq/L):.
Answer: hypernatremia
◍ >5 meq/L High calcium.
Answer: Hypercalcemia*muscles can spasm & tense up
◍ Type of mediator Type 3 Hypersensitivity.
Answer: Immune Complex
◍ Paresthesia:.
, Answer: Numbness and tingling
◍ What is the main electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?.
Answer: Sodium (NaCl) Chloride
◍ Where is extracellular fluid found?.
Answer: outside the cell
◍ Examples of Type 4 hypersensitivity.
Answer: TB test- 48 hrs later must be read due to delay. Contact dermatitis.
◍ Type 2 hypersensitivity.
Answer: CytotoxicTransfusion ReactionsHemolytic disease of the newborn
◍ Signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.
Answer: oligoarthritis, combined soft tissue and peripheral joint disease
◍ What causes impetigo?.
Answer: staph/strep
◍ Type 4 hypersensitivity.
Answer: Delayed cell mediatedcontact dermatitis
◍ What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?.
Answer: Neurological dysfunction from swelling of the brain.
◍ Hypertonic Hydration (fluid overload).
Answer: Excess fluid, lungs-difficult to breathe, bounding pulse. Edema is
an example
◍ Which antibodies does passive immunity involve?.
Answer: IgA and IgE
◍ What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?.
Answer: Intestinal cramping, diarrhea, irregular heart rate, EKG changes.
◍ Type 1 hypersensitivity.
Answer: Anaphylaxis & allergies
◍ Normal magnesium Levels.
