Experiencing the Lifespan 3rd Edition Belsky Test Bank Updated Latest 2025–2026 Comprehensive Exam Prep Resource for Human Development, Lifespan Psychology, and Developmental Science Mastery with Practice Questions, Detailed Solutions, and Real Exam Insig

, List three normative and three non-normative influences in your life.
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Describe (and speculate) on the ways an 80-year-old and a 20-year-old might view the
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Great Recession and Obama's presidency.
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Joey and Jack are born on the same day in the same hospital. The socioeconomic status of
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Joey's family is higher than average. Jack comes from a poverty-level family. What
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differences between Joe and Jack might you predict as they travel through life?
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Explain how you might teach table manners to a 4-year-old, using operant conditioning.
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Brandi, a college sophomore, seeks help from the counseling center for her extreme
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shyness and is offered a choice of treatments. She can have sessions with a behavioral
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therapist, work with a psychoanalyst, or get therapy from a person who follows the
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developmental systems perspective. Explain in a sentence how each treatment would T T T T T T T T T T T



differ from the others.T T T




Dr. Ragan, a behaviorist, is the new director of an organization that prepares people to
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return to college after they have dropped out. Dr. Ragan's mission is to design a program
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to assist clients in their efforts to successfully reenter school. Using the principles of
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traditional behaviorism, modeling, and self-efficacy, spell out some strategies that Dr.
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Regan might employ. T T




Spell out the main similarity and difference between John Bowlby's attachment theory and
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traditional psychoanalytic theory. T T




As a psychologist, you want to determine the heritability (or genetic contribution) to
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political attitudes. Describe how you would design your study. What findings would
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suggest that political attitudes are highly genetic?
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Give an example each of evocative and active genetic/environment forces and how they
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have shaped the person you are. Then give an example of either an optimum or poor
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person-environment fit this semester in your life. T T T T T T




Compare and contrast Erikson and Freud's ideas.
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,Explain Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation and give a concrete
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example of those processes. T T T




You are a developmentalist studying the relationship between parenting practices and
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children's sociability. Your plan is to watch each family's interactions at home, and then
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observe each child's relationships with peers at school. Name your type of measurement
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and spell out its advantage and disadvantages.
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Melissa and Ramon want to conduct a study to determine if exercise promotes health.
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Melissa plans to test this question using a correlational approach, while Ramon decides
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to conduct an experiment. Describe what each student's research might look like and
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discuss the respective pluses and minuses of each plan.
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After conducting a cross-sectional study, you find that older workers are more satisfied with
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their jobs than are younger workers. How should you interpret this finding?
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List the pluses and minuses of conducting longitudinal research.
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Take a specific concept, term, or theory in this chapter and discuss how it applies to your
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own life. T




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, Answer Key T




Here, while answers will vary, normative influences would center on predictable
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culturally and biologically shared events, such as going to kindergarten, reaching
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puberty, having children, dying, and so forth. In cataloguing non-normative influences,
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students should refer to any major unexpected event in their lives.
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Students' answers could legitimately vary, but I'd suspect for the 80-year-old, this election
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of our first Black president might be an incredible surprise; not so for today's emerging
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adults. In contrast, the opposite might be true of the financial crisis: it is likely to be a
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shock for emerging adults, but all too familiar for people who were born during the
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Great Depression of the l930s. T T T T



At every age, Joey might be healthier; Joey also may end up more well-educated; more
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likely to be married, and so forth.T T T T T T



Answers will center on reinforcing the child for sitting still, using a fork, saying “please pass
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the peas,” etc.; and ignoring the child when he shows inappropriate behavior. You can
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also use time out when the child misbehaves.
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The behaviorist might focus on getting Brandi in positively reinforcing social situations to
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try to extinguish her shyness. The psychoanalyst would encourage Brandi to talk about
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her early life experiences and get insight into the unconscious roots of her shyness. A
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developmental systems proponent would attack the problem on several fronts T T T T T T T T T



—trying out medications and different types of therapy, exploring how everything from
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cultural and family values to genetic predispositions might be causing Brandi's
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symptoms.
From traditional behaviorism—Reinforce clients step by step for making applications,
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going for interviews, either individually or as a group. From modeling—specifically
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bring in people who have successfully returned to college years after they dropped out,
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to talk to clients; have clients model each other in filling out applications, and so forth,
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in group sessions. Self-efficacy interventions—continually bring home the message
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“you can succeed” directly and also via using the other techniques mentioned
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previously.
Bowlby agreed with the Freudians that our early experiences with caregivers shape our
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mental health; but he also believed in a nature explanation of behavior, namely, that the
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attachment response is biologically built in to promote species survival. T T T T T T T T T



Here you could conduct a twin study, soliciting a large sample of identical and fraternal
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twins and comparing the similarity of “identicals” attitudes on a test of political attitudes
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with those of “fraternals.” If the identical twins had much more similar views than the
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fraternal twins, your conclusion would be that political attitudes are highly genetically
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determined. Alternatively, you could select adopted children and compare their political
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views with their biological and adoptive parents' views. If you found a high correlation
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between adoptees' attitudes and their birth parents views and virtually no similarity
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between adoptees' attitudes and their adoptive parents' views, you could make the same
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conclusion.
Answers will vary. Evocative influences, however, will relate to how personality traits—
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shyness, happiness, kindness, and so forth, naturally affect how other people relate to
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that student. In describing active forces, students should talk about talents and interests
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that propelled them to actively select environments where they learned to improve at
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