HURST REVIEW NCLEX RN READINESS FINAL
REVIEW SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ FVE Causes: Heart Failure. Answer: Heart is weak
Cardiac output down
Kidney perfusion down
Urine output down
◉ FVE Causes: Renal Failure. Answer: Kidneys aren't working
◉ FVE: 3 things with high sodium. Answer: 1. Effervescent soluble
meds
2. Canned/processed foods
3. IV fluids with sodium
◉ Where is aldosterone found?. Answer: adrenal glands on top of
kidneys
◉ Aldosterone secretion increases. Answer: retains sodium/water
blood volume goes up
,◉ Diseases with too much aldosterone. Answer: Cushings and
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's)
◉ Disease with too little aldosterone. Answer: Addison's disease
◉ Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). Answer: Normally makes you retain
WATER
◉ Too Much ADH. Answer: Retain WATER
Fluid Volume EXCESS
SIADH: Too many letters, too much water
Urine is concentrated
Blood is diluted
◉ Not Enough ADH. Answer: Lose WATER
Fluid Volume DEFICIT
Diuresis = Diabetes Insipidus
Urine is diluted
Blood is concentrated
◉ ADH is found where?. Answer: pituitary gland
,◉ Key words for potential ADH problems:. Answer: craniotomy, head
injury, sinus surgery, transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, any condition
leading to increased ICP
◉ Another name for ADH. Answer: VasoPRESSIN
DesmoPRESSIN Acetate
Can be utilized as ADH replacement in Diabetes Insipidus
◉ Signs/Symptoms of FVE. Answer: 1. Vessels are full
2. Vessels start to leak
3. Central venous pressure in right atrium, number goes up. More
volume = more pressure
4. Lungs sound wet
5. Polyuria: kidneys trying diuresis
6. Pulse, BP, Weight goes up
◉ Treatment for FVE. Answer: -low sodium diet/restrict fluids
-I&O and daily weights
-Diuretics
-Bed rest
◉ Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD): Hypovolemia. Answer: Big Time
deficit = shock
, ◉ FVD Causes. Answer: loss of fluid from anywhere
third spacing
diseases with polyuria
◉ S/S of FVD. Answer: weight down
decreased skin turgor
dry mucous membranes
decreased urine output
- kidneys either not being perfused (shock) or they are holding on to
fluid to compensate
BP down
pulse up
- weak and thready
respirations increased
CVP decreased
REVIEW SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ FVE Causes: Heart Failure. Answer: Heart is weak
Cardiac output down
Kidney perfusion down
Urine output down
◉ FVE Causes: Renal Failure. Answer: Kidneys aren't working
◉ FVE: 3 things with high sodium. Answer: 1. Effervescent soluble
meds
2. Canned/processed foods
3. IV fluids with sodium
◉ Where is aldosterone found?. Answer: adrenal glands on top of
kidneys
◉ Aldosterone secretion increases. Answer: retains sodium/water
blood volume goes up
,◉ Diseases with too much aldosterone. Answer: Cushings and
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's)
◉ Disease with too little aldosterone. Answer: Addison's disease
◉ Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). Answer: Normally makes you retain
WATER
◉ Too Much ADH. Answer: Retain WATER
Fluid Volume EXCESS
SIADH: Too many letters, too much water
Urine is concentrated
Blood is diluted
◉ Not Enough ADH. Answer: Lose WATER
Fluid Volume DEFICIT
Diuresis = Diabetes Insipidus
Urine is diluted
Blood is concentrated
◉ ADH is found where?. Answer: pituitary gland
,◉ Key words for potential ADH problems:. Answer: craniotomy, head
injury, sinus surgery, transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, any condition
leading to increased ICP
◉ Another name for ADH. Answer: VasoPRESSIN
DesmoPRESSIN Acetate
Can be utilized as ADH replacement in Diabetes Insipidus
◉ Signs/Symptoms of FVE. Answer: 1. Vessels are full
2. Vessels start to leak
3. Central venous pressure in right atrium, number goes up. More
volume = more pressure
4. Lungs sound wet
5. Polyuria: kidneys trying diuresis
6. Pulse, BP, Weight goes up
◉ Treatment for FVE. Answer: -low sodium diet/restrict fluids
-I&O and daily weights
-Diuretics
-Bed rest
◉ Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD): Hypovolemia. Answer: Big Time
deficit = shock
, ◉ FVD Causes. Answer: loss of fluid from anywhere
third spacing
diseases with polyuria
◉ S/S of FVD. Answer: weight down
decreased skin turgor
dry mucous membranes
decreased urine output
- kidneys either not being perfused (shock) or they are holding on to
fluid to compensate
BP down
pulse up
- weak and thready
respirations increased
CVP decreased
