NUR 5461 QUIZZES 1, 2,3,4,5 AND 6 FINAL
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Diagnosis for DM2.
Answer: A1C > or equal to 6.5, or random BG > or equal to 200 with S/S of
DM, or Fasting BG >or equal to 126 on two occasions, or 2hr post oral
glucose test of > or equal to 200 on two occasions.
◍ Diabetes Diagnostic criteria.
Answer: Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes [ADA, 2018]Fasting glucose >126
mg/dl confirmed by a repeat testCasual glucose >200 mg/dl plus classic
signs/symptoms2 hr. postprandial glucose >200mg/dl after 75 g glucose
loadA1C >/= 6.5% [do not use with hemoglobinopathies]
◍ Hypertensive emergency.
Answer: BP >180/120 WITH existing end organ damage. Must be treated in
the hospital.
◍ The trigger for increased RBC production.
Answer: a decrease in the O2 level in the system
◍ platelet level >1 million.
Answer: increased platelets to this degree the pt will bleed because they are
not working properly.
◍ Which organ function is critical for drug elimination.
Answer: KIDNEYMost drugs exit the body via kidneys
◍ mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Answer: measures of the avg. concentration of Hgb in RBCs.Valuable to
evaluate therapy for anemia.
,◍ One of the main mood stabilizers for bipolar depression is?.
Answer: LamotrigineLamotrigine is preferable to lithium, divalproex, and
carbamazepine due to its adverse-event profile and the likelihood of drug
interactions
◍ Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC).
Answer: 250-460 mcg/dLincreased levels= low Iron levelDecreased levels=
High iron level.
◍ What are two labs that are precursors to B12?.
Answer: can check homocysteine and/or methylmalonic acid [MMA] levels
[precursors of B12], which will be elevated
◍ What is mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?.
Answer: • Mean Corpuscular Volume—individual cell size; MCV BEST
index to classify anemia• MCV <87 mm • Microcytic• MCV 87-103 mm •
Normocytic• MCV >100-103 mm • Macrocytic
◍ Major depression.
Answer: depressed mood and or loss of interest, present for at least two
weeks.
◍ Unexpected increase in platelets.
Answer: in 50% of pt's this means malignancy is present.
◍ Skin Fold and Muscle Mass Measurements.
Answer: Mid arm circumference can be used to estimate body's skeletal
massTriceps skin fold and subscapular skin fold thickness can be used to
estimate SQ fat reserves
◍ What are two advanced lipid tests?.
Answer: Apolipoprotein B (apoB)LDL particle number (LDL-P)
◍ Adjustment disorder.
Answer: significant emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a
clearly identifiable stressor. lasts no longer than 6 months.
◍ Alzheimer's disease.
, Answer: diagnosed on clinical findings
◍ What is Diabetes.
Answer: Person does not produce enough insulin Inability to use insulin
appropriately Liver overproduces glucose [from stored glycogen]
Combination of the above
◍ What is secondary Hypertension.
Answer: Elevated BP with a specific cause, accounts for 5% to 10 % of
hypertension in adults.Renal artery stenosisPheochromocytomaObstructive
sleep apnea HyperaldosteronismRenal parenchymal disease Coarctation of
the AortaSubstances—ETOH, meds
◍ Pheochromocytoma (uncommon).
Answer: can cause HTN. S/S tachy, palpitations, diaphoresis with severe
HAs. tumors can be found on adrenals (most common), pituitary or
mediastinum.
◍ What is hyperkinesia?.
Answer: Hyperkinesia—too much movemento Conditions that produce
chorea—Huntington Disease; dyskinesias, dystonia, and tremor
◍ What should you always check when checking folate.
Answer: Vitamin B12 levels
◍ What are Signs/Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism.
Answer: -Heat intolerance, increased sweating-Weight loss-Agitation,
nervousness, irritability, anxiety-Palpitations & tachycardia-Fatigue, muscle
weakness-Frequent bowel movements, diarrhea-Insomnia-Tremor-Thinning
hair-Goiter (possible)-Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs), diplopia-Light
or absent menstrual periods
◍ Levels of Evidence (USPSTF).
Answer: • Levels of Evidence:A: recommends the service. There is high
certainty that the netbenefit is substantial.B: recommends the service. There
is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate
certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.C: recommends
, against routinely providing the service -Benefit small if presentD:
recommends against the service -harm > benefitI: current evidence is
insufficient
◍ Schistocytes.
Answer: fragmented RBCs with bizarre shapes (DIC, burns, artificial heart
valves).
◍ Serotonin.
Answer: the main mood hormone
◍ When is ambulatory BP monitoring indicated?.
Answer: To rule out white coat hypertension, resistant hypertension,
hypotensive episodes, suspected autonomic dysfunction and masked HTN
◍ spherocytes.
Answer: small and round (occurs after transfusions.
◍ metabolic syndrome.
Answer: must have 3 or more of the symptoms to diagnose. Root cause:
insulin resistance. related to HTN, obesity and dyslipidemia.
◍ What is the most valuable lab in a diagnosis of thyroid disease?.
Answer: TSH
◍ Depression treatment.
Answer: Three phases. Acute: symptom remission. (4-8
weeks)Continuation: stabilization when risk of relapse is high (6-12 months)
Maintenance: goal is prevention of recurrences.
◍ MVC 103-160.
Answer: Macrocytic. B12 deficiency or Folate deficiency. (ETOH, vegan,
low gastric juices). ALWAYS CHECK B12 & FOLATE LEVELS
◍ Target cells.
Answer: Thinner than normal (liver disease, thalassemia, iron deficiency,
after splenectomy).
◍ Paroxetine (paxil) + Aricept.
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Diagnosis for DM2.
Answer: A1C > or equal to 6.5, or random BG > or equal to 200 with S/S of
DM, or Fasting BG >or equal to 126 on two occasions, or 2hr post oral
glucose test of > or equal to 200 on two occasions.
◍ Diabetes Diagnostic criteria.
Answer: Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes [ADA, 2018]Fasting glucose >126
mg/dl confirmed by a repeat testCasual glucose >200 mg/dl plus classic
signs/symptoms2 hr. postprandial glucose >200mg/dl after 75 g glucose
loadA1C >/= 6.5% [do not use with hemoglobinopathies]
◍ Hypertensive emergency.
Answer: BP >180/120 WITH existing end organ damage. Must be treated in
the hospital.
◍ The trigger for increased RBC production.
Answer: a decrease in the O2 level in the system
◍ platelet level >1 million.
Answer: increased platelets to this degree the pt will bleed because they are
not working properly.
◍ Which organ function is critical for drug elimination.
Answer: KIDNEYMost drugs exit the body via kidneys
◍ mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Answer: measures of the avg. concentration of Hgb in RBCs.Valuable to
evaluate therapy for anemia.
,◍ One of the main mood stabilizers for bipolar depression is?.
Answer: LamotrigineLamotrigine is preferable to lithium, divalproex, and
carbamazepine due to its adverse-event profile and the likelihood of drug
interactions
◍ Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC).
Answer: 250-460 mcg/dLincreased levels= low Iron levelDecreased levels=
High iron level.
◍ What are two labs that are precursors to B12?.
Answer: can check homocysteine and/or methylmalonic acid [MMA] levels
[precursors of B12], which will be elevated
◍ What is mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?.
Answer: • Mean Corpuscular Volume—individual cell size; MCV BEST
index to classify anemia• MCV <87 mm • Microcytic• MCV 87-103 mm •
Normocytic• MCV >100-103 mm • Macrocytic
◍ Major depression.
Answer: depressed mood and or loss of interest, present for at least two
weeks.
◍ Unexpected increase in platelets.
Answer: in 50% of pt's this means malignancy is present.
◍ Skin Fold and Muscle Mass Measurements.
Answer: Mid arm circumference can be used to estimate body's skeletal
massTriceps skin fold and subscapular skin fold thickness can be used to
estimate SQ fat reserves
◍ What are two advanced lipid tests?.
Answer: Apolipoprotein B (apoB)LDL particle number (LDL-P)
◍ Adjustment disorder.
Answer: significant emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a
clearly identifiable stressor. lasts no longer than 6 months.
◍ Alzheimer's disease.
, Answer: diagnosed on clinical findings
◍ What is Diabetes.
Answer: Person does not produce enough insulin Inability to use insulin
appropriately Liver overproduces glucose [from stored glycogen]
Combination of the above
◍ What is secondary Hypertension.
Answer: Elevated BP with a specific cause, accounts for 5% to 10 % of
hypertension in adults.Renal artery stenosisPheochromocytomaObstructive
sleep apnea HyperaldosteronismRenal parenchymal disease Coarctation of
the AortaSubstances—ETOH, meds
◍ Pheochromocytoma (uncommon).
Answer: can cause HTN. S/S tachy, palpitations, diaphoresis with severe
HAs. tumors can be found on adrenals (most common), pituitary or
mediastinum.
◍ What is hyperkinesia?.
Answer: Hyperkinesia—too much movemento Conditions that produce
chorea—Huntington Disease; dyskinesias, dystonia, and tremor
◍ What should you always check when checking folate.
Answer: Vitamin B12 levels
◍ What are Signs/Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism.
Answer: -Heat intolerance, increased sweating-Weight loss-Agitation,
nervousness, irritability, anxiety-Palpitations & tachycardia-Fatigue, muscle
weakness-Frequent bowel movements, diarrhea-Insomnia-Tremor-Thinning
hair-Goiter (possible)-Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs), diplopia-Light
or absent menstrual periods
◍ Levels of Evidence (USPSTF).
Answer: • Levels of Evidence:A: recommends the service. There is high
certainty that the netbenefit is substantial.B: recommends the service. There
is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate
certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.C: recommends
, against routinely providing the service -Benefit small if presentD:
recommends against the service -harm > benefitI: current evidence is
insufficient
◍ Schistocytes.
Answer: fragmented RBCs with bizarre shapes (DIC, burns, artificial heart
valves).
◍ Serotonin.
Answer: the main mood hormone
◍ When is ambulatory BP monitoring indicated?.
Answer: To rule out white coat hypertension, resistant hypertension,
hypotensive episodes, suspected autonomic dysfunction and masked HTN
◍ spherocytes.
Answer: small and round (occurs after transfusions.
◍ metabolic syndrome.
Answer: must have 3 or more of the symptoms to diagnose. Root cause:
insulin resistance. related to HTN, obesity and dyslipidemia.
◍ What is the most valuable lab in a diagnosis of thyroid disease?.
Answer: TSH
◍ Depression treatment.
Answer: Three phases. Acute: symptom remission. (4-8
weeks)Continuation: stabilization when risk of relapse is high (6-12 months)
Maintenance: goal is prevention of recurrences.
◍ MVC 103-160.
Answer: Macrocytic. B12 deficiency or Folate deficiency. (ETOH, vegan,
low gastric juices). ALWAYS CHECK B12 & FOLATE LEVELS
◍ Target cells.
Answer: Thinner than normal (liver disease, thalassemia, iron deficiency,
after splenectomy).
◍ Paroxetine (paxil) + Aricept.
