SCI 225 Final Exam: Pathophysiology
Questions and Correct Answers| Updated
A patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what causes polyuria. What is the
nurse's best response? The symptom of polyuria in diabetes mellitus (DM) is
caused by:
a. a reduced ADH response caused by insulin deficiency.
b. the loss of protein across the glomerular membrane.
c. the production of ketones.
d. increased glucose in the urine.
d. increased glucose in the urine.
If a patient with diabetes has advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), what
does the nurse suspect is happening in the patient's body?
a. Increased ketone formation
b. Tissue/cellular injury
c. Dawn phenomenon
d. Reduction of chronic complications
b. Tissue/cellular injury
Which information should the nurse include in a lecture on syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? SIADH results in excessive:
a. renal retention of sodium and water.
b. renal excretion of sodium without water retention.
,c. renal retention of water without sodium retention.
d. renal excretion of water without sodium retention.
c. renal retention of water without sodium retention.
A patient has thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following will the nurse find on
assessment?
a. Small thyroid nodule
b. Elevated T3 and T4
c. Large, diffuse goiter
d. Thyroid gland atrophy
a. Small thyroid nodule
A patient with Graves disease has subcutaneous swelling of the anterior leg.
Which term should the nurse document on the chart?
a. Papilledema
b. Pretibial myxedema
c. Diplopia
d. Acropachy
b. Pretibial myxedema
A student nurse asks the nurse what causes acromegaly. The nurse should explain
that acromegaly is caused by abnormal increases of:
a. prolactin.
b. growth hormone.
, c. insulin.
d. glucocorticoids.
b. growth hormone.
The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves:
a. autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
b. production of antibodies against alpha cells.
c. type I hypersensitivity against pancreatic mast cells.
d. insulin resistance in cellular receptors.
a. autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Which is the appropriate method for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
a. Measuring urine output
b. Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels
c. Performing a battery of genetic tests
d. The presence of symptoms is the only definitive method.
b. Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels
Which of the following statements indicates that the nurse needs more teaching?
Hyperglycemia can lead to chronic complications of diabetes through:
a. activation of protein kinase C
b. induction of the polyol pathway
Questions and Correct Answers| Updated
A patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what causes polyuria. What is the
nurse's best response? The symptom of polyuria in diabetes mellitus (DM) is
caused by:
a. a reduced ADH response caused by insulin deficiency.
b. the loss of protein across the glomerular membrane.
c. the production of ketones.
d. increased glucose in the urine.
d. increased glucose in the urine.
If a patient with diabetes has advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), what
does the nurse suspect is happening in the patient's body?
a. Increased ketone formation
b. Tissue/cellular injury
c. Dawn phenomenon
d. Reduction of chronic complications
b. Tissue/cellular injury
Which information should the nurse include in a lecture on syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? SIADH results in excessive:
a. renal retention of sodium and water.
b. renal excretion of sodium without water retention.
,c. renal retention of water without sodium retention.
d. renal excretion of water without sodium retention.
c. renal retention of water without sodium retention.
A patient has thyroid carcinoma. Which of the following will the nurse find on
assessment?
a. Small thyroid nodule
b. Elevated T3 and T4
c. Large, diffuse goiter
d. Thyroid gland atrophy
a. Small thyroid nodule
A patient with Graves disease has subcutaneous swelling of the anterior leg.
Which term should the nurse document on the chart?
a. Papilledema
b. Pretibial myxedema
c. Diplopia
d. Acropachy
b. Pretibial myxedema
A student nurse asks the nurse what causes acromegaly. The nurse should explain
that acromegaly is caused by abnormal increases of:
a. prolactin.
b. growth hormone.
, c. insulin.
d. glucocorticoids.
b. growth hormone.
The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves:
a. autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
b. production of antibodies against alpha cells.
c. type I hypersensitivity against pancreatic mast cells.
d. insulin resistance in cellular receptors.
a. autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Which is the appropriate method for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
a. Measuring urine output
b. Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels
c. Performing a battery of genetic tests
d. The presence of symptoms is the only definitive method.
b. Evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels
Which of the following statements indicates that the nurse needs more teaching?
Hyperglycemia can lead to chronic complications of diabetes through:
a. activation of protein kinase C
b. induction of the polyol pathway
