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The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is
a. urine obstruction
b. systemic bacteremia
c. urethral catheterization
d. infection by E. coli - CORRECT ANSWER-D
The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with
glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is
a. hematuria
c. bacteriuria
c. glycosuria
d. proteinuria - CORRECT ANSWER-D
A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is
a. positive family Hx
b. dehydration
,c. smoking
d. drinking alcohol - CORRECT ANSWER-B
In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is
a. urinary retention and reflux
b. nephrotic syndrom
c. respiratory disease
d. glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ___ in the urine.
a. blood
b. sodium
c. glucose
d. protein - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because
a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids
b. lipids are not excreted in the urine
c. body fats are catabolized
, d. muscles stop burning triglyceride for energy - CORRECT ANSWER-A
The main clinical manifestation fo a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is
a. oliguria
b. renal colic
c. urge incontinence
d. an abdominal mass - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
a. hyperlipidemia
b. proteinuria
c. hematuria
d. generalized edema - CORRECT ANSWER-C
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
a. fever
b. oliguria
c. edema
d. hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-A