ANPH 1002 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026 UPDATE 100
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
FROM ACTUAL EXAMS TEST GRADE A+
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Answer: Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer controls selective permeability, maintaining
homeostasis.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
Answer: Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
3. What type of tissue forms the lining of blood vessels?
Answer: Simple squamous epithelium
Rationale: Thin cells allow rapid diffusion and filtration.
4. Which blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport?
Answer: Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Rationale: Hemoglobin binds oxygen for transport.
5. What is the main function of white blood cells?
Answer: Immune defense
Rationale: Leukocytes fight infection and foreign invaders.
,6. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Answer: Left ventricle
Rationale: It generates high pressure for systemic circulation.
7. What valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium?
Answer: Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Rationale: Ensures one-way blood flow.
8. What is the function of the respiratory system?
Answer: Gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)
Rationale: Oxygenation of blood and removal of CO₂.
9. Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
Answer: Alveoli
Rationale: Thin walls allow diffusion of gases.
10. What structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Answer: Epiglottis
Rationale: Closes airway during swallowing.
11. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
Answer: Insulin
Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake.
, 12. Which organ produces insulin?
Answer: Pancreas
Rationale: Beta cells in pancreatic islets secrete insulin.
13. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Answer: Nephron
Rationale: Performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
14. Where does filtration occur in the kidney?
Answer: Glomerulus
Rationale: Blood is filtered into Bowman’s capsule.
15. What is the main function of the skeletal system?
Answer: Support and protection
Rationale: Bones support structure and protect organs.
16. What type of joint is the shoulder?
Answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Allows wide range of motion.
17. What muscle type is voluntary?
Answer: Skeletal muscle
Rationale: Controlled consciously.
18. What is the function of smooth muscle?
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
FROM ACTUAL EXAMS TEST GRADE A+
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Answer: Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer controls selective permeability, maintaining
homeostasis.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
Answer: Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
3. What type of tissue forms the lining of blood vessels?
Answer: Simple squamous epithelium
Rationale: Thin cells allow rapid diffusion and filtration.
4. Which blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport?
Answer: Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Rationale: Hemoglobin binds oxygen for transport.
5. What is the main function of white blood cells?
Answer: Immune defense
Rationale: Leukocytes fight infection and foreign invaders.
,6. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Answer: Left ventricle
Rationale: It generates high pressure for systemic circulation.
7. What valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium?
Answer: Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Rationale: Ensures one-way blood flow.
8. What is the function of the respiratory system?
Answer: Gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)
Rationale: Oxygenation of blood and removal of CO₂.
9. Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
Answer: Alveoli
Rationale: Thin walls allow diffusion of gases.
10. What structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Answer: Epiglottis
Rationale: Closes airway during swallowing.
11. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
Answer: Insulin
Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake.
, 12. Which organ produces insulin?
Answer: Pancreas
Rationale: Beta cells in pancreatic islets secrete insulin.
13. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Answer: Nephron
Rationale: Performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
14. Where does filtration occur in the kidney?
Answer: Glomerulus
Rationale: Blood is filtered into Bowman’s capsule.
15. What is the main function of the skeletal system?
Answer: Support and protection
Rationale: Bones support structure and protect organs.
16. What type of joint is the shoulder?
Answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Allows wide range of motion.
17. What muscle type is voluntary?
Answer: Skeletal muscle
Rationale: Controlled consciously.
18. What is the function of smooth muscle?
