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# EMT FISDAP FINAL EXAM## NATIONAL
REGISTRY OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL
TECHNICIANS (NREMT) STYLE**2025-2026
EDITION | 200 QUESTIONS | DETAILED
RATIONALES** **GRADED A+ | HIGH-YIELD
FOR FIRST-TIME PASS**
# SECTION I: AIRWAY MANAGEMENT & RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES (Questions 1-25)
**1. You are called for a 45-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your
initial assessment reveals an open airway, respiratory rate of 8 breaths
per minute, and a heart rate of 52 bpm. What is your priority action?**
A) Apply supplemental oxygen via non-rebreather mask
B) Begin chest compressions
C) Ventilate with a bag-valve mask (BVM) at 10-12 breaths per minute
D) Apply an automated external defibrillator (AED)
**Correct Answer: C**
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**Rationale:** The patient has bradypnea (RR <12) indicating
inadequate respiratory effort. The priority is to assist ventilations with a
BVM. Oxygen via non-rebreather is insufficient because the patient is
not breathing adequately on their own.
---
**2. You are ventilating a patient with a BVM. You note that the chest is
rising adequately with each ventilation, but the oxygen saturation
remains 85% on room air with high-flow oxygen attached to the BVM
reservoir. What is the most likely cause?**
A) The BVM is not attached to oxygen
B) The patient has a tension pneumothorax
C) The patient has intrapulmonary shunting that is not responsive to
increased oxygen
D) The ventilation rate is too fast
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Despite adequate chest rise and supplemental oxygen,
persistent hypoxemia suggests a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch
or shunt (e.g., pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS). This requires
positive pressure ventilation and addressing the underlying cause.
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---
**3. Which of the following is the correct technique for inserting an
oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?**
A) Insert with the tip pointing upward toward the roof of the mouth, then
rotate 180 degrees
B) Insert with the tip pointing downward toward the tongue, then rotate
180 degrees
C) Insert with the curve following the natural contour of the tongue
D) Insert with the tip pointing laterally toward the cheek
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** When inserting an OPA, the airway is initially inserted
with the tip pointing upward (toward the hard palate) to avoid pushing
the tongue backward. Once past the tongue, the airway is rotated 180
degrees so the curve follows the tongue.
---
**4. A 6-year-old child is choking on a piece of hot dog and is unable to
speak, cough, or breathe. What is the appropriate intervention?**
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A) Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
B) Back blows and chest thrusts (for child <1 year would be different;
for >1 year, abdominal thrusts are appropriate)
C) Blind finger sweep
D) Oxygen via non-rebreather mask
**Correct Answer: B - For a conscious child >1 year, abdominal thrusts
are recommended.**
*Correction: For a conscious child >1 year with severe airway
obstruction, abdominal thrusts are performed. For infants <1 year, back
blows and chest thrusts are used. Blind finger sweeps are
contraindicated.*
**Rationale:** The patient has severe airway obstruction (cannot speak,
cough, breathe). For a conscious child >1 year, abdominal thrusts are
indicated. For an infant (<1 year), back blows and chest thrusts are used.
---
**5. You are assessing a patient with suspected croup
(laryngotracheobronchitis). Which finding is most characteristic of
croup?**
# EMT FISDAP FINAL EXAM## NATIONAL
REGISTRY OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL
TECHNICIANS (NREMT) STYLE**2025-2026
EDITION | 200 QUESTIONS | DETAILED
RATIONALES** **GRADED A+ | HIGH-YIELD
FOR FIRST-TIME PASS**
# SECTION I: AIRWAY MANAGEMENT & RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES (Questions 1-25)
**1. You are called for a 45-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your
initial assessment reveals an open airway, respiratory rate of 8 breaths
per minute, and a heart rate of 52 bpm. What is your priority action?**
A) Apply supplemental oxygen via non-rebreather mask
B) Begin chest compressions
C) Ventilate with a bag-valve mask (BVM) at 10-12 breaths per minute
D) Apply an automated external defibrillator (AED)
**Correct Answer: C**
,2|Page
**Rationale:** The patient has bradypnea (RR <12) indicating
inadequate respiratory effort. The priority is to assist ventilations with a
BVM. Oxygen via non-rebreather is insufficient because the patient is
not breathing adequately on their own.
---
**2. You are ventilating a patient with a BVM. You note that the chest is
rising adequately with each ventilation, but the oxygen saturation
remains 85% on room air with high-flow oxygen attached to the BVM
reservoir. What is the most likely cause?**
A) The BVM is not attached to oxygen
B) The patient has a tension pneumothorax
C) The patient has intrapulmonary shunting that is not responsive to
increased oxygen
D) The ventilation rate is too fast
**Correct Answer: C**
**Rationale:** Despite adequate chest rise and supplemental oxygen,
persistent hypoxemia suggests a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch
or shunt (e.g., pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS). This requires
positive pressure ventilation and addressing the underlying cause.
,3|Page
---
**3. Which of the following is the correct technique for inserting an
oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?**
A) Insert with the tip pointing upward toward the roof of the mouth, then
rotate 180 degrees
B) Insert with the tip pointing downward toward the tongue, then rotate
180 degrees
C) Insert with the curve following the natural contour of the tongue
D) Insert with the tip pointing laterally toward the cheek
**Correct Answer: A**
**Rationale:** When inserting an OPA, the airway is initially inserted
with the tip pointing upward (toward the hard palate) to avoid pushing
the tongue backward. Once past the tongue, the airway is rotated 180
degrees so the curve follows the tongue.
---
**4. A 6-year-old child is choking on a piece of hot dog and is unable to
speak, cough, or breathe. What is the appropriate intervention?**
, 4|Page
A) Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
B) Back blows and chest thrusts (for child <1 year would be different;
for >1 year, abdominal thrusts are appropriate)
C) Blind finger sweep
D) Oxygen via non-rebreather mask
**Correct Answer: B - For a conscious child >1 year, abdominal thrusts
are recommended.**
*Correction: For a conscious child >1 year with severe airway
obstruction, abdominal thrusts are performed. For infants <1 year, back
blows and chest thrusts are used. Blind finger sweeps are
contraindicated.*
**Rationale:** The patient has severe airway obstruction (cannot speak,
cough, breathe). For a conscious child >1 year, abdominal thrusts are
indicated. For an infant (<1 year), back blows and chest thrusts are used.
---
**5. You are assessing a patient with suspected croup
(laryngotracheobronchitis). Which finding is most characteristic of
croup?**
