1
, Table of Contents
1. Summary schreiben ........................................................................... 3
Aufbau einer Einleitung (Textinformationen)
Struktur des Hauptteils
Wichtige Formulierungen + Schreibvorlagen für Zusammenfassungen
2. Stylistic Analysis (Sprachanalyse) ................................................... 4
Aufbau einer Textanalyse + Formulierungsvorlagen für Einleitung, Hauptteil und
Schlussteil
Analyse von:
o Sprachstil und Wortwahl
o Rhetorischen Mitteln
o Satzbau (Syntax)
o Ton und Wirkung
3. Cartoon Analysis (Karikaturanalyse) ................................................ 6
Beschreibung des Bildes
Analyse von Symbolen und Aussagen
4. Mediation (Sprachmittlung) .............................................................. 7
Aufbau einer Mediation als Artikel oder E-Mail
Wichtige Formulierungen zur Wiedergabe von Informationen
Abschluss einer Mediation
5. Discussion (Erörterung / Artikel schreiben) ..................................... 9
Aufbau einer Diskussion
Argumente strukturieren / Aufbau des Hauptteils (Pro- und Contra-Argumente)
Schlussfolgerung und eigene Meinung
6. Comment schreiben (Kommentar schreiben) ................................ 11
Aufbau eines Kommentars
Argumente entwickeln und begründen
Schluss mit Bewertung der Aussage
7. Wichtige Linking Words und Vokabeln ........................................... 13
Verbindungswörter für Argumentationen
Typische Formulierungen für Essays und Diskussionen
2
, Writing a summary
Introduction:
-Provide basic information about the text (text type, text title, where it was published, when it was
published, author and general topic)
-Summarize the general content of the excerpt
Example:
1. Jeannette Wall's excerpt from the book "…", published in March 2005, talks about … / illustrates
/ focuses on the relationship between ... and ...
2. Helen Russel´s article ´´…´´, published on 11 October 2021 in The Guardian, talks about / discusses
/ explains the findings of the study on …. and the steps … plans to remedy the situation.
3. The article ´´…´´, written by … and published on 11 October 2021 in The Guardian, talks about /
discusses / explains the findings of the study on …. and the steps … plans to remedy the situation.
Main body:
-In each subtopic, begin with a topic sentence that explains the content of the paragraph
-Focus on the main points of the essay (answer only the questions in the task)
-Give examples to support the arguments
Example:
…. Have/has always been …. as …. For example, …. and …. In addition, … or .../ As a result, … This
means that … and …. In doing so …. Furthermore / In addition, …. This also involves / includes … as
… and …. Likewise, … Therefore ….
There are various … that … and …. These include … and …. Additionally, … and …. Thus … in which ….
as well as ….
According to the excerpt / article … and … Thus … and …. For example, …. and …. In addition, … or
.../ As a result, … has been asked … Among these … are … as well as … Furthermore, besides …, … has
primarily … Almost half of …/ Just as … In general, … since … By doing so, …
There are various … that … and …. These include … and …. Additionally, … and …. Thus … in which ….
as well as ….
A summary does not contain a conclusion!
3
, Stylistic analysis
Introduction:
-Provide basic information about the text (text type, text title, where it was published, when it was
published, author and general topic)
-Summarize the general content of the excerpt
-Address the question in the task
Example:
As mentioned / addressed in the outline, the excerpt /article by … focuses on / discusses .... The
authors / excerpt / article argues that … In the following I will describe the various stylistic devices
that the author uses in order to emphasize / illustrate …
Main body:
-The rhetorical strategies (means) for portraying certain characteristics (personality of a character or
the relationship between different people e.g. positive connoted words are used for... and negative
connoted words are used for...; choice of words that express something)
-Which stylistic devices are also used? (describe their effects)
-Register (e.g. neutral/formal/informal/colloquial language, slang, taboo words)
-Wording (e.g. choice of words, connotations, ambiguity, wordplay)
-Syntax (e.g. simple/complex/incomplete sentences, active/passive constructions)
-Tone (e.g. serious, objective, ironic, humorous, witty, emotional, sentimental, solemn)
-Rhetorical devices (e.g. direct address of the reader, rhetorical questions, repetition, emphasis,
enumeration, examples, quotations, use of pronouns)
-Point of view (e.g. first -/third - person, limited/omniscient narrator)
-Mode of presentation (e.g. telling, showing; interior monologue, reported thought; stating clear
and formal information, direct -/indirect - speech)
4
, Table of Contents
1. Summary schreiben ........................................................................... 3
Aufbau einer Einleitung (Textinformationen)
Struktur des Hauptteils
Wichtige Formulierungen + Schreibvorlagen für Zusammenfassungen
2. Stylistic Analysis (Sprachanalyse) ................................................... 4
Aufbau einer Textanalyse + Formulierungsvorlagen für Einleitung, Hauptteil und
Schlussteil
Analyse von:
o Sprachstil und Wortwahl
o Rhetorischen Mitteln
o Satzbau (Syntax)
o Ton und Wirkung
3. Cartoon Analysis (Karikaturanalyse) ................................................ 6
Beschreibung des Bildes
Analyse von Symbolen und Aussagen
4. Mediation (Sprachmittlung) .............................................................. 7
Aufbau einer Mediation als Artikel oder E-Mail
Wichtige Formulierungen zur Wiedergabe von Informationen
Abschluss einer Mediation
5. Discussion (Erörterung / Artikel schreiben) ..................................... 9
Aufbau einer Diskussion
Argumente strukturieren / Aufbau des Hauptteils (Pro- und Contra-Argumente)
Schlussfolgerung und eigene Meinung
6. Comment schreiben (Kommentar schreiben) ................................ 11
Aufbau eines Kommentars
Argumente entwickeln und begründen
Schluss mit Bewertung der Aussage
7. Wichtige Linking Words und Vokabeln ........................................... 13
Verbindungswörter für Argumentationen
Typische Formulierungen für Essays und Diskussionen
2
, Writing a summary
Introduction:
-Provide basic information about the text (text type, text title, where it was published, when it was
published, author and general topic)
-Summarize the general content of the excerpt
Example:
1. Jeannette Wall's excerpt from the book "…", published in March 2005, talks about … / illustrates
/ focuses on the relationship between ... and ...
2. Helen Russel´s article ´´…´´, published on 11 October 2021 in The Guardian, talks about / discusses
/ explains the findings of the study on …. and the steps … plans to remedy the situation.
3. The article ´´…´´, written by … and published on 11 October 2021 in The Guardian, talks about /
discusses / explains the findings of the study on …. and the steps … plans to remedy the situation.
Main body:
-In each subtopic, begin with a topic sentence that explains the content of the paragraph
-Focus on the main points of the essay (answer only the questions in the task)
-Give examples to support the arguments
Example:
…. Have/has always been …. as …. For example, …. and …. In addition, … or .../ As a result, … This
means that … and …. In doing so …. Furthermore / In addition, …. This also involves / includes … as
… and …. Likewise, … Therefore ….
There are various … that … and …. These include … and …. Additionally, … and …. Thus … in which ….
as well as ….
According to the excerpt / article … and … Thus … and …. For example, …. and …. In addition, … or
.../ As a result, … has been asked … Among these … are … as well as … Furthermore, besides …, … has
primarily … Almost half of …/ Just as … In general, … since … By doing so, …
There are various … that … and …. These include … and …. Additionally, … and …. Thus … in which ….
as well as ….
A summary does not contain a conclusion!
3
, Stylistic analysis
Introduction:
-Provide basic information about the text (text type, text title, where it was published, when it was
published, author and general topic)
-Summarize the general content of the excerpt
-Address the question in the task
Example:
As mentioned / addressed in the outline, the excerpt /article by … focuses on / discusses .... The
authors / excerpt / article argues that … In the following I will describe the various stylistic devices
that the author uses in order to emphasize / illustrate …
Main body:
-The rhetorical strategies (means) for portraying certain characteristics (personality of a character or
the relationship between different people e.g. positive connoted words are used for... and negative
connoted words are used for...; choice of words that express something)
-Which stylistic devices are also used? (describe their effects)
-Register (e.g. neutral/formal/informal/colloquial language, slang, taboo words)
-Wording (e.g. choice of words, connotations, ambiguity, wordplay)
-Syntax (e.g. simple/complex/incomplete sentences, active/passive constructions)
-Tone (e.g. serious, objective, ironic, humorous, witty, emotional, sentimental, solemn)
-Rhetorical devices (e.g. direct address of the reader, rhetorical questions, repetition, emphasis,
enumeration, examples, quotations, use of pronouns)
-Point of view (e.g. first -/third - person, limited/omniscient narrator)
-Mode of presentation (e.g. telling, showing; interior monologue, reported thought; stating clear
and formal information, direct -/indirect - speech)
4
