GOH 201 Final Exam part 1 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
Hippocrates – answer Greek physician; "father of medicine" early western thinker who
recognized how external factors, such as climate and geography, impact human health
Rudolf Virchow – answer recognized the connection between human and animal health
while studying roundworms in swine and developed the term zoonosis
Calvin Schwabe and the Concept of One Medicine - answer argued that human and
veterinary medicine should be integrated to combat zoonotic diseases and coined the
term "One Medicine"
climate change - answera change in global or regional climate patterns
climate change-exposure pathways - answer-extreme weather events
-heat stress
-air quality
-water quality and quantity
-food security and safety
-vector distribution and ecology
climate change-climate sensitive health outcomes - answer-injury and mortality from
extreme weather events
-heat-related illness
-respiratory illness
-water-borne diseases and other water-related health impacts
-zoonoses
-vector-borne diseases
-malnutrition and food-borne diseases
-noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)
-mental and psychosocial health
climate change-vulnerability factors - answer-demographic factors
-geographic factors
-biological factors and health status
-sociopolitical condictions
-socioeconomic factors
antimicrobials - answermedicines used to prevent and treat in humans, animals, and
plants and include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics
, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - answerBacteria, viruses, and fungi change over time,
no longer responding to medicines, making infections harder to treat, and increasing the
risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death
AMR results - answerantimicrobials medicines become ineffective and infections
become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat
the global health burden of AMR - answerDrug-resistant diseases cause at least
700,000 deaths globally a year, including 230,000 deaths from multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis • Mortality from AMR could increase to 10 million deaths globally per year
by 2050 if no action is taken
factors contributing to AMR - answer-Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials
-Lack of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for both humans and
animals
-Poor infection and disease prevention and control in health-care facilities and farms
-Poor access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics
-Lack of awareness and knowledge • Lack of enforcement of legislation
actions to fight AMR - answer-Prevent infections in the first place
-Improve antibiotic and C0 use to slow the developments of resistance
-Stop the spread of resistance when it does develop
-Improve development, supply and access to old and new antimicrobials, vaccines, and
diagnostics
communicable disease-transmission - answer-animal-animal, animal-human, human-
animal, or human-human - ynonymous with infectious disease
-Includes infectious and parasitic diseases
emerging infectious diseases - answerdiseases that are newly identified or previously
unknown
-Examples: Zika virus in Brazil in 2015, COVID-19 in 2020, lyme disease
-an estimated 60% to 75% of new or emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in
origin.
drivers of EIDs - answer-can arise from natural processes like pathogen evolution
-population growth and urbanization
-international travel
-poverty and war
-ecological changes from development and land use
-expanding human populations increase contact with animal species that may host
infectious agents.
re-emerging infectious disease - answerdiseases that are rapidly increasing in incidence
or geographic range in the last 2 decades
examples: Tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, gonorrhea
and Answers Graded A+
Hippocrates – answer Greek physician; "father of medicine" early western thinker who
recognized how external factors, such as climate and geography, impact human health
Rudolf Virchow – answer recognized the connection between human and animal health
while studying roundworms in swine and developed the term zoonosis
Calvin Schwabe and the Concept of One Medicine - answer argued that human and
veterinary medicine should be integrated to combat zoonotic diseases and coined the
term "One Medicine"
climate change - answera change in global or regional climate patterns
climate change-exposure pathways - answer-extreme weather events
-heat stress
-air quality
-water quality and quantity
-food security and safety
-vector distribution and ecology
climate change-climate sensitive health outcomes - answer-injury and mortality from
extreme weather events
-heat-related illness
-respiratory illness
-water-borne diseases and other water-related health impacts
-zoonoses
-vector-borne diseases
-malnutrition and food-borne diseases
-noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)
-mental and psychosocial health
climate change-vulnerability factors - answer-demographic factors
-geographic factors
-biological factors and health status
-sociopolitical condictions
-socioeconomic factors
antimicrobials - answermedicines used to prevent and treat in humans, animals, and
plants and include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics
, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - answerBacteria, viruses, and fungi change over time,
no longer responding to medicines, making infections harder to treat, and increasing the
risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death
AMR results - answerantimicrobials medicines become ineffective and infections
become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat
the global health burden of AMR - answerDrug-resistant diseases cause at least
700,000 deaths globally a year, including 230,000 deaths from multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis • Mortality from AMR could increase to 10 million deaths globally per year
by 2050 if no action is taken
factors contributing to AMR - answer-Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials
-Lack of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for both humans and
animals
-Poor infection and disease prevention and control in health-care facilities and farms
-Poor access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics
-Lack of awareness and knowledge • Lack of enforcement of legislation
actions to fight AMR - answer-Prevent infections in the first place
-Improve antibiotic and C0 use to slow the developments of resistance
-Stop the spread of resistance when it does develop
-Improve development, supply and access to old and new antimicrobials, vaccines, and
diagnostics
communicable disease-transmission - answer-animal-animal, animal-human, human-
animal, or human-human - ynonymous with infectious disease
-Includes infectious and parasitic diseases
emerging infectious diseases - answerdiseases that are newly identified or previously
unknown
-Examples: Zika virus in Brazil in 2015, COVID-19 in 2020, lyme disease
-an estimated 60% to 75% of new or emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in
origin.
drivers of EIDs - answer-can arise from natural processes like pathogen evolution
-population growth and urbanization
-international travel
-poverty and war
-ecological changes from development and land use
-expanding human populations increase contact with animal species that may host
infectious agents.
re-emerging infectious disease - answerdiseases that are rapidly increasing in incidence
or geographic range in the last 2 decades
examples: Tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, gonorrhea
