PSYB64 - Lecture 3 Questions And
Correct Answers.
Reverse Inference Fallacy - Answer Brain area can be involved in numerous processes. Fallacy
is that when brain area is activated in one study, if a task activates that same area, researchers
infer the activity engages a specific cognitive process.
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord - Answer The spinal cord is partitioned into an inner gray matter
region and an outer white matter region.
The gray matter is dominated by dendrites and cell bodies of neurons and glial cells and
unmyelinated axons, whereas the white matter is composed primarily of myelinated axons.
Nerves divided into Cervical Nerves, Thoracic Nerves, Lumbar Nerves, Sacral Nerves and
Coccygeal Nerves.
Cervical Nerves - Answer 8 pairs
Head, Neck and Arms
Thoracic Nerves - Answer 12 pairs
Torso
Lumbar Nerves - Answer 5 pairs
Lower back and legs
Saccral Nerves - Answer 5 Pairs
Back of legs and genitals
Coccygeal Nerves - Answer 1 pair
Motor Nerves (efferent) - Answer Sends information to muscles to carry out central nervous
system commands. They are all myelinated.
Sensory Nerves (afferent) - Answer Nervous system cells that send information from sensory
receptors to the central nervous system. Myelinated and unmyelinated; sharp vs. dull pain.
Stretch Reflex - Answer Involuntary contraction of a muscle due to rapid stretching of that
muscle.
, Cranial Nerves - Answer 12 pairs of nerves that carry sensory and motor information to and
from the head and neck areas. Vagus nerve inervates internal organs.
Histology - Answer the study of the microscopic structure and tissues.
Provides a means for observing thestructure, organization, and connectionsof individual cells.
Staining (histology) - Answer Three basic steps: Fix, Slice, Stain
1.Fixing: freezing tissues or treating with formalin (formaldehyde)
2.Slicing: microtome machine
3.Staining
•Golgi stain to observe single neurons
•Nissl stain to observe populations of cell bodies
•Horseradish peroxidase to observe neural pathways
Cells of the Nervous System - Answer Neurons and Glia
Neurons - Answer Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit
information.
Glia - Answer Cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of
support for neurons.
From Greek "glue"
Microglia and Macroglia
Microglia - Answer Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains
immune system. Can malfunction and cause neurodegenerative disease.
Macroglia - Answer Large glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, Ependymal Cells, Schwann
cells, and astrocytes.
Astrocytes - Answer Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons. Transfer glucose
and other nutrients to neurons and help form the blood brain barrier, which prevents toxins in
the blood from entering the blood brain barrier.
Protplasmic Astrocytes: many fine branches, found in gray matter
Fibrous Astrocytes: Fiber like branches, found in white matter
Correct Answers.
Reverse Inference Fallacy - Answer Brain area can be involved in numerous processes. Fallacy
is that when brain area is activated in one study, if a task activates that same area, researchers
infer the activity engages a specific cognitive process.
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord - Answer The spinal cord is partitioned into an inner gray matter
region and an outer white matter region.
The gray matter is dominated by dendrites and cell bodies of neurons and glial cells and
unmyelinated axons, whereas the white matter is composed primarily of myelinated axons.
Nerves divided into Cervical Nerves, Thoracic Nerves, Lumbar Nerves, Sacral Nerves and
Coccygeal Nerves.
Cervical Nerves - Answer 8 pairs
Head, Neck and Arms
Thoracic Nerves - Answer 12 pairs
Torso
Lumbar Nerves - Answer 5 pairs
Lower back and legs
Saccral Nerves - Answer 5 Pairs
Back of legs and genitals
Coccygeal Nerves - Answer 1 pair
Motor Nerves (efferent) - Answer Sends information to muscles to carry out central nervous
system commands. They are all myelinated.
Sensory Nerves (afferent) - Answer Nervous system cells that send information from sensory
receptors to the central nervous system. Myelinated and unmyelinated; sharp vs. dull pain.
Stretch Reflex - Answer Involuntary contraction of a muscle due to rapid stretching of that
muscle.
, Cranial Nerves - Answer 12 pairs of nerves that carry sensory and motor information to and
from the head and neck areas. Vagus nerve inervates internal organs.
Histology - Answer the study of the microscopic structure and tissues.
Provides a means for observing thestructure, organization, and connectionsof individual cells.
Staining (histology) - Answer Three basic steps: Fix, Slice, Stain
1.Fixing: freezing tissues or treating with formalin (formaldehyde)
2.Slicing: microtome machine
3.Staining
•Golgi stain to observe single neurons
•Nissl stain to observe populations of cell bodies
•Horseradish peroxidase to observe neural pathways
Cells of the Nervous System - Answer Neurons and Glia
Neurons - Answer Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit
information.
Glia - Answer Cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of
support for neurons.
From Greek "glue"
Microglia and Macroglia
Microglia - Answer Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains
immune system. Can malfunction and cause neurodegenerative disease.
Macroglia - Answer Large glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, Ependymal Cells, Schwann
cells, and astrocytes.
Astrocytes - Answer Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons. Transfer glucose
and other nutrients to neurons and help form the blood brain barrier, which prevents toxins in
the blood from entering the blood brain barrier.
Protplasmic Astrocytes: many fine branches, found in gray matter
Fibrous Astrocytes: Fiber like branches, found in white matter
