BIOL 319 COHN FINAL 402 2026 QUESTION
COLLECTION BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENE
EXPRESSION MODULE SOLVED ITEMS AND
RESPONSE KEY
◉ Trabeculae Answer: interconnective rods/plates/struts found in
spongey bone; oriented along stress lines;
-trabecular structure is a static structure but can thicken over time
as more weight/stress are placed on it.
-covered with endosteum;
-in living bone, the interstitial spaces filled with marrow
◉ cancellous bone/trabecular bone Answer: another name for
spongy bone
◉ woven bone Answer: first type of bone that osteoblasts form
during ossification; fairly weak; collagen fibers oriented randomly; -
- also another name for spongy bone
◉ Diploe bone Answer: the spongy layer between the inner and
outer compact layers of the flat bones of the skull.
,◉ cancellous bone Answer: filled with red bone marrow is diploe;
the sandwich
◉ why is periosteum so important to living bone? Answer: - blood
vessels penetrate into the bone to supply the bone and exchange
RBC's
-location for bone growth (in diameter)
- Where muscles attach
-pain nerve endings are attached to it
-Is a scaffolding for blood vessels
◉ What is contained within the spaces of spongy bone? Answer:
bone marrow and blood vessels are found in the spaces of
trabeculae
-red bone marrow: gives rise to leuko-, erythro, and thrombocytes
-yellow bone marrow: fat storage; can be found within medullary
cavity OR in the spaces of spongy bone
◉ What does the medullary cavity of long bones contain? Answer:
bone marrow; bone marrow can be either red or yellow, but by
adulthood yellow marrow completely replaces red marrow in the
long bones of limbs, except for the proximal part of the arm bones
and thigh bones (femur and humerus)
,- in proxima; regions of the femur and humerus, theres still alot of
spongy tissue making red blood cells. They continue to make red
bone marrow making blood cells through out your whole life in flat
and irregular bones as well
◉ Is there a difference in the presence of tissue in medullary cavities
of long bones in juveniles vs. adults? Answer: - red marrow exists in
younger children but is replaced by yellow marrow by adulthood
-red bone marrow slowly goes away and re-populates the medullary
cavity (hollow center) of long bones with fatty tissue (fat reserves in
bones and becomes yellow bone marrow
◉ what is the function of yellow marrow? Answer: fat reserve found
in bone; found either in medullary cavity or spaces of spongy bone
◉ what is the function of red marrow Answer: - connective tissue in
the spaces of spongy bone of medullary cavity of juveniles; the site
of blood cell production; gives rise to blood cells and platelets
◉ where is red marrow found in adults? Answer: hips, vertebrae.
ribs, and flat bones of the skull
◉ Does the nervous system and cardiovascular system infiltrate
bone? Answer: yes
, ◉ Lacunae Answer: The spaces without matrix but occupied by the
osteocyte cell bodies
◉ What is the function of Lacunae Answer: Allow bone cells to
communicate with other bone cells.
-Lacunae have these little webs that are actual canals called
CANALICULI that allow osteocytes to stay in their lacunae and not
start to death like the chondrocytes that killed themselves
◉ function of Canaliculi? Answer: Allow osteocytes to stay in their
lacunae and not start to death like the chondrocytes that killed
themselves
◉ Canaliculi Answer: The spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell
extensions. Instead of diffusing through the mineralized matrix,
nutrients and gases can pass through the gap junctions connecting
the cell extensions.
◉ Lamellae Answer: Thin, concentric sheets or laters of mature
bone (containing osteocytes) approximately 3-7 micrometers thick.
Adds strength and resiliency to bone. **Also helps lacunae and
collagen fibers receive nutrients and remove wastes**
COLLECTION BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENE
EXPRESSION MODULE SOLVED ITEMS AND
RESPONSE KEY
◉ Trabeculae Answer: interconnective rods/plates/struts found in
spongey bone; oriented along stress lines;
-trabecular structure is a static structure but can thicken over time
as more weight/stress are placed on it.
-covered with endosteum;
-in living bone, the interstitial spaces filled with marrow
◉ cancellous bone/trabecular bone Answer: another name for
spongy bone
◉ woven bone Answer: first type of bone that osteoblasts form
during ossification; fairly weak; collagen fibers oriented randomly; -
- also another name for spongy bone
◉ Diploe bone Answer: the spongy layer between the inner and
outer compact layers of the flat bones of the skull.
,◉ cancellous bone Answer: filled with red bone marrow is diploe;
the sandwich
◉ why is periosteum so important to living bone? Answer: - blood
vessels penetrate into the bone to supply the bone and exchange
RBC's
-location for bone growth (in diameter)
- Where muscles attach
-pain nerve endings are attached to it
-Is a scaffolding for blood vessels
◉ What is contained within the spaces of spongy bone? Answer:
bone marrow and blood vessels are found in the spaces of
trabeculae
-red bone marrow: gives rise to leuko-, erythro, and thrombocytes
-yellow bone marrow: fat storage; can be found within medullary
cavity OR in the spaces of spongy bone
◉ What does the medullary cavity of long bones contain? Answer:
bone marrow; bone marrow can be either red or yellow, but by
adulthood yellow marrow completely replaces red marrow in the
long bones of limbs, except for the proximal part of the arm bones
and thigh bones (femur and humerus)
,- in proxima; regions of the femur and humerus, theres still alot of
spongy tissue making red blood cells. They continue to make red
bone marrow making blood cells through out your whole life in flat
and irregular bones as well
◉ Is there a difference in the presence of tissue in medullary cavities
of long bones in juveniles vs. adults? Answer: - red marrow exists in
younger children but is replaced by yellow marrow by adulthood
-red bone marrow slowly goes away and re-populates the medullary
cavity (hollow center) of long bones with fatty tissue (fat reserves in
bones and becomes yellow bone marrow
◉ what is the function of yellow marrow? Answer: fat reserve found
in bone; found either in medullary cavity or spaces of spongy bone
◉ what is the function of red marrow Answer: - connective tissue in
the spaces of spongy bone of medullary cavity of juveniles; the site
of blood cell production; gives rise to blood cells and platelets
◉ where is red marrow found in adults? Answer: hips, vertebrae.
ribs, and flat bones of the skull
◉ Does the nervous system and cardiovascular system infiltrate
bone? Answer: yes
, ◉ Lacunae Answer: The spaces without matrix but occupied by the
osteocyte cell bodies
◉ What is the function of Lacunae Answer: Allow bone cells to
communicate with other bone cells.
-Lacunae have these little webs that are actual canals called
CANALICULI that allow osteocytes to stay in their lacunae and not
start to death like the chondrocytes that killed themselves
◉ function of Canaliculi? Answer: Allow osteocytes to stay in their
lacunae and not start to death like the chondrocytes that killed
themselves
◉ Canaliculi Answer: The spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell
extensions. Instead of diffusing through the mineralized matrix,
nutrients and gases can pass through the gap junctions connecting
the cell extensions.
◉ Lamellae Answer: Thin, concentric sheets or laters of mature
bone (containing osteocytes) approximately 3-7 micrometers thick.
Adds strength and resiliency to bone. **Also helps lacunae and
collagen fibers receive nutrients and remove wastes**
