NSG 6020 MIDTERM QUESTION AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2026
You are seeing an older patient who has not had medical care for many years. Her vital signs
taken by your office staff are: T 37.2, HR 78, BP 118/92, and RR 14, and she denies pain. You
notice that she has some hypertensive changes in her retinas and you find mild proteinuria on a
urine test in your office. You expected the BP to be higher. She is not on any medications. What
do you think is causing this BP reading, which doesn't correlate with the other findings? -
ANSWER✔️It is caused by an "auscultatory gap."
Mr. Garcia comes to your office for a rash on his chest associated with a burning pain. Even a
light touch causes this burning sensation to worsen. On examination, you note a rash with small
blisters (vesicles) on a background of reddened skin. The rash overlies an entire rib on his right
side. What type of pain is this? - ANSWER✔️Neuropathic pain
A mother brings her 11 month old to you because her mother-in-law and others have told her that
her baby is jaundiced. She is eating and growing well and performing the developmental
milestones she should for her age. On examination you indeed notice a yellow tone to her skin
from head to toe. Her sclerae are white. To which area should your next questions be related? -
ANSWER✔️diet
You are examining an unconscious patient from another region and notice Beau's lines, a
transverse groove across all of her nails, about 1 cm from the proximal nail fold. What would
you do next? - ANSWER✔️look for information from family and records regarding any problems
which occurred 3 months ago
,Which of the following is a symptom involving the eye? - ANSWER✔️scotomas
A 29-year-old physical therapist presents for evaluation of an eyelid problem. On observation,
the right eyeball appears to be protruding forward. Based on this description, what is the most
likely diagnosis? - ANSWER✔️exophthalmos
A 12-year-old presents to the clinic with his father for evaluation of a painful lump in the left
eye. It started this morning. He denies any trauma or injury. There is no visual disturbance. Upon
physical examination, there is a red raised area at the margin of the eyelid that is tender to
palpation; no tearing occurs with palpation of the lesion. Based on this description, what is the
most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER✔️hordeolum
A 15-year-old high school sophomore presents to the emergency room with his mother for
evaluation of an area of blood in the left eye. He denies trauma or injury but has been coughing
forcefully with a recent cold. He denies visual disturbances, eye pain, or discharge from the eye.
On physical examination, the pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light, with a visual acuity of
20/20 in each eye and 20/20 bilaterally. There is a homogeneous, sharply demarcated area at the
lateral aspect of the base of the left eye. The cornea is clear. Based on this description, what is
the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER✔️subconjunctival hemorrhage
A sudden, painless unilateral vision loss may be caused by which of the following? -
ANSWER✔️retinal detachment
Sudden, painful unilateral loss of vision may be caused by which of the following conditions? -
ANSWER✔️optic neuritis
A light is pointed at a patient's pupil, which contracts. It is also noted that the other pupil
contracts as well, though it is not exposed to bright light. Which of the following terms describes
this latter phenomenon? - ANSWER✔️consensual reaction
A patient is assigned a visual acuity of 20/100 in her left eye. Which of the following is true? -
ANSWER✔️she can see at 20 feet what a normal person could see at 100 feet
A patient presents with ear pain. She is an avid swimmer. The history includes pain and drainage
from the left ear. On examination, she has pain when the ear is manipulated, including
manipulation of the tragus. The canal is narrowed and erythematous, with some white debris in
the canal. The rest of the examination is normal. What diagnosis would you assign this patient? -
ANSWER✔️external otitis
Tobacco cessation- 5 A's - ANSWER✔️-ASK about smoking at each visit
-ADVISE patients regularly to stop smoking using a clear, personalized message
-ASSESS patient readiness to quit
-ASSIST patients to set stop dates and provide educational materials for self-help
-ARRANGE for follow-up visits to monitor and support patient progress
, preload - ANSWER✔️volume of blood returning to the heart
contractility - ANSWER✔️ability of ventricles to contract during systole
afterload - ANSWER✔️vascular resistance against contraction
cardiac output - ANSWER✔️SV x HR
BP - ANSWER✔️CO x SVR
Ventricular systole - ANSWER✔️ventricles contract
-mitral and tricuspid valves close producing S1
-right ventricle pumps blood into PA (pulmonic valve is OPEN)
-left vent pumps blood into aorta (aortic valve is OPEN)
V systole=S1
V diastole = S2
Ventricular diastole - ANSWER✔️ventricles relax
-aortic and pulmonic valves close producing s2
-Tricuspid valve OPEN- blood flows from RA to RV
-Mitral valve OPEN- blood flows from LA to LV
Left coronary arteries
-LEFT MAIN - ANSWER✔️*LAD- left anterior descending
-supplies walls of BOTH VENTRICLES AND SEPTUM
*CIRCUMFLEX-
-supplies walls of the LA and lateral wall of LV
-also may supply SA and AV node (if not supplied by RCA)
Right Coronary arteries - ANSWER✔️RCA
-branch to SA node
-branch to AV node
-branches to LV
posterior descending artery
-supplies RA, RV, SA node and some of AV node
How is the metabolic syndrome diagnosed? - ANSWER✔️*waist circ-
female 35, male 40
*triglycerides- >150
*HDL male <40, female <50
*BP 130/85
*fasting glucose 100
2-3 confirms diagnosis: 3/5 definite metabolic syndrome
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2026
You are seeing an older patient who has not had medical care for many years. Her vital signs
taken by your office staff are: T 37.2, HR 78, BP 118/92, and RR 14, and she denies pain. You
notice that she has some hypertensive changes in her retinas and you find mild proteinuria on a
urine test in your office. You expected the BP to be higher. She is not on any medications. What
do you think is causing this BP reading, which doesn't correlate with the other findings? -
ANSWER✔️It is caused by an "auscultatory gap."
Mr. Garcia comes to your office for a rash on his chest associated with a burning pain. Even a
light touch causes this burning sensation to worsen. On examination, you note a rash with small
blisters (vesicles) on a background of reddened skin. The rash overlies an entire rib on his right
side. What type of pain is this? - ANSWER✔️Neuropathic pain
A mother brings her 11 month old to you because her mother-in-law and others have told her that
her baby is jaundiced. She is eating and growing well and performing the developmental
milestones she should for her age. On examination you indeed notice a yellow tone to her skin
from head to toe. Her sclerae are white. To which area should your next questions be related? -
ANSWER✔️diet
You are examining an unconscious patient from another region and notice Beau's lines, a
transverse groove across all of her nails, about 1 cm from the proximal nail fold. What would
you do next? - ANSWER✔️look for information from family and records regarding any problems
which occurred 3 months ago
,Which of the following is a symptom involving the eye? - ANSWER✔️scotomas
A 29-year-old physical therapist presents for evaluation of an eyelid problem. On observation,
the right eyeball appears to be protruding forward. Based on this description, what is the most
likely diagnosis? - ANSWER✔️exophthalmos
A 12-year-old presents to the clinic with his father for evaluation of a painful lump in the left
eye. It started this morning. He denies any trauma or injury. There is no visual disturbance. Upon
physical examination, there is a red raised area at the margin of the eyelid that is tender to
palpation; no tearing occurs with palpation of the lesion. Based on this description, what is the
most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER✔️hordeolum
A 15-year-old high school sophomore presents to the emergency room with his mother for
evaluation of an area of blood in the left eye. He denies trauma or injury but has been coughing
forcefully with a recent cold. He denies visual disturbances, eye pain, or discharge from the eye.
On physical examination, the pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light, with a visual acuity of
20/20 in each eye and 20/20 bilaterally. There is a homogeneous, sharply demarcated area at the
lateral aspect of the base of the left eye. The cornea is clear. Based on this description, what is
the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER✔️subconjunctival hemorrhage
A sudden, painless unilateral vision loss may be caused by which of the following? -
ANSWER✔️retinal detachment
Sudden, painful unilateral loss of vision may be caused by which of the following conditions? -
ANSWER✔️optic neuritis
A light is pointed at a patient's pupil, which contracts. It is also noted that the other pupil
contracts as well, though it is not exposed to bright light. Which of the following terms describes
this latter phenomenon? - ANSWER✔️consensual reaction
A patient is assigned a visual acuity of 20/100 in her left eye. Which of the following is true? -
ANSWER✔️she can see at 20 feet what a normal person could see at 100 feet
A patient presents with ear pain. She is an avid swimmer. The history includes pain and drainage
from the left ear. On examination, she has pain when the ear is manipulated, including
manipulation of the tragus. The canal is narrowed and erythematous, with some white debris in
the canal. The rest of the examination is normal. What diagnosis would you assign this patient? -
ANSWER✔️external otitis
Tobacco cessation- 5 A's - ANSWER✔️-ASK about smoking at each visit
-ADVISE patients regularly to stop smoking using a clear, personalized message
-ASSESS patient readiness to quit
-ASSIST patients to set stop dates and provide educational materials for self-help
-ARRANGE for follow-up visits to monitor and support patient progress
, preload - ANSWER✔️volume of blood returning to the heart
contractility - ANSWER✔️ability of ventricles to contract during systole
afterload - ANSWER✔️vascular resistance against contraction
cardiac output - ANSWER✔️SV x HR
BP - ANSWER✔️CO x SVR
Ventricular systole - ANSWER✔️ventricles contract
-mitral and tricuspid valves close producing S1
-right ventricle pumps blood into PA (pulmonic valve is OPEN)
-left vent pumps blood into aorta (aortic valve is OPEN)
V systole=S1
V diastole = S2
Ventricular diastole - ANSWER✔️ventricles relax
-aortic and pulmonic valves close producing s2
-Tricuspid valve OPEN- blood flows from RA to RV
-Mitral valve OPEN- blood flows from LA to LV
Left coronary arteries
-LEFT MAIN - ANSWER✔️*LAD- left anterior descending
-supplies walls of BOTH VENTRICLES AND SEPTUM
*CIRCUMFLEX-
-supplies walls of the LA and lateral wall of LV
-also may supply SA and AV node (if not supplied by RCA)
Right Coronary arteries - ANSWER✔️RCA
-branch to SA node
-branch to AV node
-branches to LV
posterior descending artery
-supplies RA, RV, SA node and some of AV node
How is the metabolic syndrome diagnosed? - ANSWER✔️*waist circ-
female 35, male 40
*triglycerides- >150
*HDL male <40, female <50
*BP 130/85
*fasting glucose 100
2-3 confirms diagnosis: 3/5 definite metabolic syndrome
